Social Structure of Pompeii and Herculaneum

sociable Structure of Pompeii and HerculaneumMany written and archaeologic sources fox revealed different cultivation about the social bodily structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Pompeii and Herculaneum housed over 10 000 to 20 000 passel, all separating into three main social classes Freeinnate(p), Freed kneadforce and Slaves. All peck were both long-livedly born into a specific group or rarely had the ability to change their status.1Pompeii and Herculaneum consisted of a ramble on of mixed social groups which include rich land-owners, merchants, artisans and buckle downs. Both townships were lead by work force following the elderly system. All elite people were determined by their previous families.2work force and wo hands were treated differently, as the wo custody had less responsibility to the community then the men had.3On the top of the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum was Freeborn. Freeborn men and women were classified as the uplifted-class resi dents of Pompeii and Herculaneum, both governmentally and socially.4Freeborn people lived on altering their lives to satisfy and impress the people of Pompeii and Herculaneum.5It was important to in populace show that they were elite and important and in doing so freeborn men and women dressed with discrete details (toga for men and stola for women, (Refer to attachment 9 and 10) that do them stand out amongst the rest of the public.6All freeborn people in Pompeii and Herculaneum came from either their ancestors or by property.7They included blind drunk landowners and melodic linemen. Freeborn men had many advantages and satisfactions in being so highly ranked. Men had honest legal rights and could create candidates for political office. They could become part of the council and dominate the community finances, spaces and religion. Freeborn men were rattling(prenominal) influential people who had statues de ballotd to them and had unearned tombs made for them. Freeborn m en had reserved seating in the amphitheatre.8An archaeological paint has shown a wealthy freeborn man and women in a banquet scene which indicates the social standing, where servants and slaves are typically displayed as littler and lower people in the picture.9( Refer to addendum 5)Women in Pompeii and Herculaneum were judge to run the household, take care of children and manage the finances.10High-class women unlike men could not be in the political office. They were under the legal ar errment of their fathers and husbands which meant that they would belong with whichever social class their husband or father were in11. Freeborn women could own their own property, have an education and become businesswomen and priestesses. An typesetters case of a woman was Eumachia who was both business woman and a city priestess.12(Refer to Appendix 1).An opposite specimen is Julia Felix who was a very wealthy women who owned an holy block of land in Pompeii.13(Refer to Appendix 4).Like f reeborn men, women received statues and tombs in their recognize. Women also helped with the construction of buildings and tombs.14Women in Pompeii and Herculaneum were not classified as citizens, education was a symbol of respect alone motherhood was the nearly valued occupation.15They could not control the political office as they mandatory particular characteristics such as power and rights which they lacked.16Unlike many other popish women Pompeian women had more emancipation and could participate in the public, religious and business life.17Several wall paintings, inscriptions and frescoes have displayed Pompeian and Herculaneum women actively engaged in public activities and walking around the city freely.18(Refer to Appendix 6 and 7).Eumachia was a very influential women in Pompeii and Herculaneum. She owned a large building in the Forum of Pompeii which was the Fullers (Refer to Appendix 3). An inscription signifies that she built it with her own money, in honour of Au gustan concord. Eumachia was the patron of the Fullers who worked in the building. The Fullers made a statue in her honour.19Freed people were known as liberti who were sourcely known slaves. In do to become a Freedmen one must buy their freedom or be granted it by their owner.20Freed men were men and women who were freed from slavery and no monthlong had to serve anyone.21The process and ceremony of being set free was called Manumission and in this process the former slave was beaten for the last time to inspire them that they were still in debt to their master.22Freed mens names gave evidence to the status they belonged to.23The freed people had legion(predicate) restrictions on their rights as they owed duties and responsibilities to their previous owners. This is where the byplay system comes into action where the former slave has become the leaf node for their master. Freedmen had low social status and were poor, but it was possible for them to succeed in trade and becom e wealthy.24Many freedmen became wealthy and influential an example is the Vetii Brothers, 1895.25The Vetii Brothers Aulus Vettius Restitutus and Aulus Vettius Conviva were former slaves who had been freed and became wealthy tradesmen. The House of the Vetii was owned by the Vettii brothers and one of the most well known and admired houses, it displayed a vomit up of different frescoes which indicated their wealth with trade. Evidence has proven that they were wine merchants and became very well known and influential people in Pompeii and Herculaneum.26A fresco in their home portrayed Hermes god of Trade, located in their triclinium hard to profess their thanks to him.27(Refer to Appendix 8). Another archaeological source was a poster which said A VETTIUS RESTITUTUS ROGAT VETTI CONIVA, AUGUSTALIS FAC. This poster was used to help the former owners of the brothers in the political votes as they had gained many connections finished trade. The House of the Vettii contained many arc haeological sources which helped reveal information about the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum. (Appendix 11 shows a picture of Priapus weighing his phallus, which was located at the front door greeting the guests).Freedmen participated in religious cults and could have their own businesses. Freedmen could not have political power like Freeborn men could but they could vote in the elections. Freed women like men could not hold formal political office and could also work for their former master through the patronage system.28In Pompeii and Herculaneum little evidence has been found about the slaves and their lives.29Slaves came from a range of different countries and could be bought and sold by their masters.30Slaves had no rights, privileges31and no permanent home as their owners could sell and dispose of them at anytime.32Many owners bought slaves for internal intentions.33Several slaves were educated both(prenominal)times more than their owner. Their duty was to clea n and wee , some took on the role of doctors and teachers.34In Pompeii slaves came from debtors and prisoners from wars usually consisted of women and children.35Slaves made up for forty percent of the population in both Pompeii.36Slaves worked for Freeborn people, Freedmen and the town council.37A range of evidence identifies that some slaves lived with their owners as they were considered by justness as part of the property.38The House of Menander and the House of the Centenary are some examples of houses where specific rooms were assigned only to the slaves.39Tombs that were owned by slaves was rare, obviously as most slaves were buried in random unmarked places.40An example of a tomb that was owned by a slave is shown through inscriptions Conviva, slave of Veia, lived 20 years.41The main goal was to be granted freedom and no longer be a slave for anyone. In order to be free it was required by the slave to either even out off their freedom or be granted freedom by their owner . The freedom converted the slaves to Freedmen.42Freedom for the slaves came with a ceremony called Manumission.43Many slaves resumed work with their previous owners but did not get the benefit of citizenship.44The relationship amid the client and patron was a very common characteristic in all social classes in Pompeii and Herculaneum. It was a patronage system where high status people became leaders to the lower class people make them the client. In return the client was expected to support their master through political elections and any other services needed. In doing so the client was rewarded with a gift ,free meal or guidance with their the legal affairs. Clients were back up politically, socially, economically and legally. After many years of serving the owner the slave is granted freedom and adopts the owners name and become their client.45An example of this relationship was Eumachia and the purchase order of fullers. A statue of Eumachia was dedicated to her in her hono ur by the Fullers. (Refer to Appendix 1).Also there was an inscription on the statue that read The Fullers (dedicated this statue) to Eumachia, daughter of Lucius, Public priestess.46(Refer to Appendix 2).In conclusion written and archaeological sources have created a wide range of knowledge about the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The social structure branched out into three main categories freeborn, freedmen and slaves, people were either born into the social class or rarely changed into another status.AppendixAppendix One-http//farm2.static.flickr.com/1058/739235616_e3e5b19055.jpgAppendix Two-http//www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/eumachia_inscript.jpginscription on Eumachias buildingAppendix Three-scan from book.Appendix Four- Insulae of Julia Felix.http//wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/italy_except_rome_and_sicily/pompeii/ac880526.jpgRefer to Appendix 5-http//www.scalarchives.com/scalapic/foglia1/b/AF00125b.jpgAppendix Six- Three women conversing in Herculane um. (Fresco)http//www.corbisimages.com/images/67/8C223073-D171-4282-86AB-9CFCDFA59F18/MI001617.jpghttp//www.corbisimages.com/Images/spacer.gifAppendix Seven- Women playing the Lyre.http//www.the-romans.co.uk/g5/22.woman_with%20_lyre_small.jpgAppendix Eight- Hermes god of Trade.Priapus-Hermes (Mercury), phallic fertility god, with caduceus Roman fresco PompeiiAppendix 9- Stola for Women.http//www.fashion-era.com/images/all_greeks_romans/faustina-roman-flora2.jpgAppendix 10- Toga for Men.Appendix 11-http//0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/0/l/2/HouseoftheVetii.jpg