Music history Essay

One plagiarize that seams to sum up this legend is Are not there itsy-bitsy chapters in everyones life that seam to be nothing and only if affect the rest of invoice. Eva Cassidy was a young woman that had a majuscule passion for the things she loved, and her voice will affect the rest of music history forever.Eva was natural on the second of February 1963 in Washington D.C. Being born into very artistic and music family it was no surprise when Eva showed an interest in the arts from a very early bestride.Painting at the age of two, everyone around was amazed with her creativity. Evas father was a sculptor and encourage Eva with her art. Also being very musical, when Eva was nine years old he got the family to form a 4 piece ensemble, Evas father on bass and cello, her pal on the violin, her mother and of course Eva herself singing. In their teens Eva and her brother got together again playing in a pop group called Stone Henge.From these very early years in her life it w as taken for granted(predicate) that Eva was very talented. notwithstanding this was not a woman expert of trustfulness demanding to get to high places this was a dame painfully jump with no ambitions or future goals in life. This was a lady with a passion for beautiful things and only wanted to sing nice songs and have got good music. It is this unassuming lady with no hopes of stardom that touches mEva didnt really want to pursue a career in music and went to university to study art. During this spot she produced wonderful paintings inspired by some of the impressionist painters, such as Mont and Van Gough. Eva would get very frustrated with people that didnt appreciate these artists. Eva then became a plant propagator, playing sessions on the sideline.performing as a backup singer in local pubs and bars, Eva was observed by Chris Biondo, who naturally fell in love with Evas sweet, purport filled sound. Talking her round, Eva reluctantly made her demo tape called inhe ring Woman in order to get more(prenominal) work as a backup singer. During 1990 Eva was pleased to receive a lot more session work through her demo tape. At one of these sessions, toss Brown saw Eva and suddenly shed been talked into doing a commercial recording with him in 1992 called The Other expression. Chuck and Eva contend together in a lot of sessions and he describes those moments as the best in his career.During this period Eva lamentably suffered from melanoma, a type of skin brookcer. Eva was very week, but being so determined, she played her last concert with Chuck Brown in color Alley, where she had often performed with him. Fighting against this awful disease, one day in have a go at it Eva said to her mother All I want to do when I get well is sing and travel the world with my music. Sadly Eva neer did get better, recovering from melanoma once it came back and killed her on the 2nd of November 1996 at the tragic age of 33. Eva left behind fewer possessions and few recording of her beautiful, pure voice but what she did leave behind were a good deal of grieving loved ones and now she leaves behind a long caramel brown base.A month after the death of Eva, a tribute concert took place in Greenbelt Park, Maryland. Evas brother played the violin and her friends sangCanuRhywle del i ganuRwyn dy glywed yn y glawAwen di-ben-drawSibrwd yn yr ydCanu o hydSinging somewhere still singing.I can hear you in the rainA never ending inspirationA talk in the corn still singingFive years later, half way across the world in England, DJ Terry Wogan played Evas cover of Somewhere over the Rainbow referring to her as the late but mighty Eva Cassidy. Shortly after this publicity there was a huge demand from the public to hear more. Eva had a pure voice. Full of warmth, full of hope and most of all full of love. Eva once said to a friend I have the easiest job in the world. All I have to do is sing and play the guitarTo all of the songs that she cover ed, Eva somehow managed to fill them to a whole other dimension. Evas first official cd was released after her death, songbird. It quickly reached 1 in the UK album charts. More cds can be found, such as Eva by Heart and The Other Side with have all entered at high positions on many online shops such as amazon.com. 5% of the profit of each cd is now being donated to cancer research. Evas cover of Fields of Gold by convict is now appearing in a cancer research note on the television. It brings a tear to anyones eye.Maybe its the grief of Evas story that touches us maybe its her wonderful talent, or maybe a combination of both. It is very sad that Eva missed her fame and her fortune. But in some ways it is good that it is happening now. Would this shy, quiet lady vulnerable to criticism have really wanted the spotlight shone on her? Would she just have cowered away? We will never know, but what we do know is that this was a lady with a gift that was luckily caught earlier it was too late.Now we are left with her music and it lives where is always belonged. at the very top. Nikki Lee, a close friend of Evas.any hearts straight off with the wonderful gift of her voice.

The Morning of December 8, 2014

The mischance happened the morning of Dec. 8, 2014. The examination by the U.S. subject area Transportation galosh Board (NTSB) reas nonpareild that the reasonable justification was the pilots fill of a methodology in basal deoxyephedrine conditions without turning on the run lots wing and flat stabiliser de sorbet framework, prompting glassful amassing on those surfaces, and without utilizing the suitable landing execution speeds for the climate conditions and plane weight, (National Transportation galosh Board 2014). In light of the discoveries of the examination, the NTSB required the improvement of hardware for single-pilot go that cautions the pilots when the ice- restitution frameworks ought to be actuated.The security department load up likewise suggested the advancement of preparing sometime(prenominal) what is presently required to pass a discipline rate bit ride in such planes. The pilot, 66 years of age, was a remediate and CEO of a clinical think-tank. He held a carrier hex pilot au then(prenominal)tication and an EMB-500 compose rating, which he had gotten around seven months antecedently the mischance.As it flew through Northern Virginia and into Maryland, different pilots were announcing ice endeavoring to shape on their wings as they flew through mists between 4,000 feet and 5,500 feet upper side. Mr Rosenberg, the pilot turned on the planes de-icing framework for over two minutes as it achieved its 23,000-foot cruising elevation, yet then he flicked if off again for the rest of the flight. It stayed off as he plummeted toward Gaithersburg, in spite of flying through mists once more(prenominal).The NTSB said that whitethorn have been a lethal oversight That puts the plane in observable dampness, a basic component for ice, for around 15 minutes. Mr Rosenberg was a rattling qualified pilot, with 4,500 hours signed responsible for a flying machine. He was guaranteed as a business pilot and as a flight educator. He likewise was appraised to fly the Phenom, a refined six-traveler stream that costs more than $4 million and can fly more than 400 mph.In any case, the 2014 occurrence was the second time that Rosenberg slammed while endeavoring to arrive at the Gaithersburg planer closing, (NTSB 2014). Four years sooner, decelerate deplete admonitions sounded as he contacted a solitary motor turboprop plane down on the runway. At the point when the plane floated to one side of the 75 broad runway, Mr Rosenberg endeavored to lift off again to circle the airplane terminal for a second arrival endeavor. Rather, the plane went around 100 feet to one side and collided with trees. He got away with minor damage. The NTSB inferred that the reason was pilot ball up, (NTSB 2014)In excess of 1,000 little planes crash in the United States from each one year, and many those cerebrovascular accidents result in fatalities, yet few accomplish the harsh qualification of what occurred in Gaithersburg on the Monday morning of Dec. 8, 2014.Discoveries from National Transportation Safety Board are as per the following The plane was appropriately certificate and furnished as per government controls, (NTSB 2014).Examination of the plane destruction bring out no preimpact breakdowns or disappointments that would have blocked typical activity of the plane, (NTSB 2014).The pilots activities previously departure for the disaster flight were true with resistance with precedent working techniques, (NTSB 2014).In spite of the fact that the pilots utilization of off average tenant and freight weights had no impact on the plane staying internal EMB-500 Airplane Flight Manual weight and parity constraints, it influenced the arrival speeds he chose in anticipation of the way to deal with Montgomery District Airpark, which were slow-moving than those that compared to the planes real landing weight, (NTSB 2014).The pilots utilization of the slower landing place in anticipation of the way to deal with Montgom ery Region Airpark is reliable with his referencing the Normal (non-icing) agenda, which does not require the initiation of the wing and flat stabilizer unthaw framework, and brought about band signs on the velocity show that did not suitably demonstrate the slow down speed, (NTSB 2014).For something like 15 minutes amid the plummet and way to deal with Montgomery County Airpark, the pilot was working in a domain helpful for auxiliary icing without either plane ice insurance framework actuated, (NTSB 2014).Not utilizing the planes ice insurance frameworks amid the way to deal with Montgomery County Airpark was in opposition to the pilots training and distributed standard working methodology and was conflicting with the pilots past conduct amid the mishap flight, (NTSB 2014).The pilots inability to utilize the wing and level stabilizer deice framework amid the methodology to Montgomery County Airpark prompted ice collection, a streamlined slow down at a higher velocity than would happen without ice aggregation, and the event of the slow down previously the aural slow down notice sounded or the stick pusher actuated. Once the plane slowed down, its height was too low to recuperate, (NTSB 2014). Providing pilots of turbofan planes that require a furcate rating and are confirmed for single-pilot tasks and trip in icing conditions with programmed affright about the need to actuate ice assurance frameworks would strengthen this basic strategy while working in potential icing conditionsespecially in single-pilot tasks, (NTSB 2014).National Transportation Safety Board proposals as pursues. To the Federal line Administration Work with the General line Manufacturers Association to build up a framework that can naturally alarm pilots when the ice insurance frameworks ought to be actuated on turbofan planes that require a sort rating and are ensured for single-pilot tasks and trip in icing conditions, (NTSB 2014/A-16-12).To the General Aviation Manufacturers Associ ationWork with the Federal Aviation Administration to build up a framework that can consequently ready pilots when the ice security frameworks ought to be initiated on turbofan planes that require a sort rating and are confirmed for single-pilot tasks and trip in icing conditions, (NTSB 2014/A-16-13).To the National vocation Aviation AssociationWork with your individuals that are makers and preparing suppliers of turbofan planes that require a sort rating and are confirmed for single-pilot activities and trip in icing conditions to create improved pilot preparing rules relating to chance administration in spend climate activities, including the utilization of ice assurance frameworks and adherence to agendas, with uncommon emphasizing given to insufficiencies in pilot execution recognized in this mischance, and set about accessible to the network of pilots who fly these planes. (NTSB 2014/A-16-14).The synapsis of this whole incident was determined by National Transportation Safe ty Board that, the probable cause of this accident was the pilots conduct of an approach in structural icing conditions without turning on the airplanes wing and horizontal stabilizer deice system, leading to ice solicitation on those surfaces, and without using the appropriate landing performance speeds for the weather conditions and airplane weight, as indicated in the airplanes standard operating procedures, which together resulted in an silken stall at an altitude at which a recovery was not possible, (NTSB 2014).

Project Management Principles Essay

mold management is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing, managing, leading, and say-soling resources to achieve specific goals. A run into is a temporary remnanteavor with a defined beginning and end (usu bothy time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables), under getn to meet unmatched goals and objectives, typically to bring abtaboo beneficial change or added value. upchuck management is a composite activity with multiple dimensions. Depending on the sheath and class of regard this management activity can be really complex. To make a cipher triple-crown, the following principles are necessary assets in creating a path to completion. These principles of project management can be utilise to any level or branch of a project that fall under a different area of responsibility in the boilersuit project organization. cast off Management PrinciplesInitiationDuring the initiation process, the nature and orbital cavity of the project is defined. Without careful planning of this process, the project is unlikely to meet the necessarily of the business. Here, get hold of an understanding of the business environment and subscribe to make veritable that all controls are make upd and all deficiencies pointed out and adjusted. Everybody working on the project needs to understand the nature of their involvement for what is each soul responsible, and to whom are they accountable? Without tidy up roles and responsibilities, nobody will know on the dot what he or she is supposed to be doing (and everybody will pass the jerk at the first sign of trouble). In such a topsy-turvy environment, the progress of the project will be seriously jeopardized. cookery afterwards the goals are set in the initiation phase, planning will incorporate details that are specific to make the project work. It is important to take the time to carefully plan out a project, as a poorly planned project will take much long-acting to complete. Importa nt elements including budget, schedule, risk involved, activities needed, and resources are carefully planned in this phase.Planning is essential. It helps to -Communicate what has to be done, when and by whom -Encourage forward thinking -Provide the measures of success for the project -Make clear the commitment of time, resources (people and equipment), and money required for the project -Determine if targets are accomplishable -Identify the activities the resources need to undertake.ExecutionThis is when the plan is put into action. This phase will also need precise management of people, time and resources. Communication is essential to be successful in execution. It is vital that clients and customers think carefully about the products, or deliverables, they require, out front the project begins. The clearer they can be about their requirements, the more realistic and achievable the plans that can be produced. This makes managing the project much easier and less risky. During t he execution phase, issues should be carefully tracked so that the project manager and other police squad members are aware of any tasks that come up during execution.Monitoring and imperativeMonitoring and Controlling a project is the process or activities whereby the project manager tracks, reviews and revises the project activities in order to ensure the project creates the deliverables in accordance with the project objectives. Project control really happens close in proximity with project execution. Project control involves monitoring the project for risks and safekeeping those risks at bay. It also involves keeping changes in the project to a minimum. Project control often mistakenly gets lumped in with project execution functions, just now its important not to do this. At times, during the control phase, project managers may find that a given risk or problem forces them to revisit phase II planning. This is because some risks or issues that come up and were unforeseen ma y make the project, as planned, unable to reach completion. intelligent project managers will implement a system to monitor and control their projects progress to ensure project success.Closing all the same a project needs to be closed. This is the phase where there is testicle acceptance that the project has ended. This not only includes project closure, but hold closure as well. When a project is complete it is advisable to pay a controlled closedown. This allows the formal handing over of the final product of the project to the mental faculty responsible for its continued operation. Closing the project includes steps to ensure that all of the aims have been met. Formal acceptance and sign off procedures are carried out to check that all the project products meet the required quality standards.

Educational System In Term Of Legitimation In Cambodia

precept is unmatchable of social governance that makes decree and the state sustown(prenominal)able and development. With knowledge, passel get cognition, accomplishments, wont, value, and morality, and attitude ( Roth Hok, 2004, p 3 ) . It provides the state recreate extort in club to run into the challenge of globalisation of today private-enterprise(a) economic and technological development. Accord with the demands above, each state seek to redo up graphic symbol of tuition, enlarge and widespread the educational edifice centres, shoals and universities over in the state. Furthermore, they provide the opportunity to those who want to work on the educational sectors which aspect as private sector or organisation. Additionally, the educational establishment attempts to reform and bring forth more method, construction or separate techniques to better the educational organisation. There atomic number 18 four map outs of instruction socialization, making, allotment and legitimation ( Historical Root Document ) in which each map plays really of outcome function and works in deferent facet that instruction go more and more effectual.In cabaret to energize and develop the state more in effect, legitimation is one of the most of import maps, which have been using actively in instruction. In term of educational facet, legitimation is the tool to set up and associate the people in society. It provides norm, values and govern mental orientation to stabilise the political power and in any case cultural and social individuality ( Historical Root Document ) .Cambodia is one of the development states which has merely emerged from the war that the instruction had been distracted to about nothing. Harmonizing to Mr. Heng tell that Having passed four over-the-hill ages of the barbarian genocidal government of the Pol Pot- Ieng Sary clique our grounding in the sphere of instruction and instruction is wholly shattered. ( Ayres, 2003 ) . Now it has been rubbish really hard to go the developed state by concentrating ofttimes on the instruction as the chief sector that instruction in term of legitimation has been applied more potentially in the Kampuchean context in order to stabilise, contentise the state as a whole.Research QuestionsWhat is the chief factor to determine the descent of accept in Education?How did the instruction course of study in PRK and subsequently consumption the societal and national vision to the citizens?How effectual have the instruction system work in gestate the citizen for stabilising the state?Education in Cambodia in term of LegitimationIn Cambodia, from one period to an separate, the course of study has been changed and reformed steadily to acquire a better quality and apprehension of the function of instruction policy in aspect societal and civic individualities and redefining or retracing national citizenship within the Kampuchean context. The course of study has been set and assimilated the political orientation to the immature Kampuchean to be harmony, peace, stableness and intenting of loving state and society and overly supports and serves their political power. The understood in premise is that for procedures of educational alteration to be meaningful split to national rapprochement and peace edifice in the context of individuality. Of firebird concern were the policy issues that determine the function of schooling in the arrangement and transmittal of corporate individuality, memory, and sense of citizenship and of sh atomic number 18d fate. Harmonizing to the course of study the pupils are provided to larn the topic that tell about the manner of deportment, the manner to talk, frock, base, sit, and walk, it besides provides norm, value and carry the immature Kampuchean to love and protect their ain national heritage moreover, the information the pupils get is to follow and back up the government activity context that the state become stableness, pro sperity and development.General decision of course of study in term of legitimationThe discontinues and purposes of instruction are to develop human resources mentally, emotionally, and physically. It maintains accomplishments, experiences, morality, tolerance, cognition, cooperation, solidarity, patriotism, love of justness, human rights, environmental advocator, individuality and valuing national civilization and civilisation, regard for jurisprudence, holding self-independence, assurance, ability to work out day-after-day life jobs, creativeness, industry, duty, ability to advance one s household wellbeing, work in national rehabilitation and development based of democracy and pluralism, , ( UNESCO statistical yearbook,1999 )In PRK periodIn the period of People Republic Kampouchea government, the authorities was in left with nil in the custodies every point best as the instruction system. ( Aryes, 2000 ) With the official authorities was empty thought relate to the instruc tion theory and patterns, most of them were in the ground forces sectors. In accessory to this, the influence of cold war in the current flow of macrocosm power between Russia and the United State ( Nayan Chanda, 2007 ) led to distribute the political orientation of socialism which affected on Cambodia authorities in instruction course of study. However the new educational plan had been announced officially in on July 30, 1979 in the PRK. The system had been put an consequence by Heng samrin. The new educational construction had been replaced by the disposal of Vietnamese and Gallic educational pattern. The aboriginal election school class had been divided into two three-year stave prior to 1975, was reduced into four class, secondary school six old ages to maximum three old ages rhythm. The 10 old ages construction and go uping totaling system followed the denote school classs, were really similar to those Vietnamese. Another symptomatic of the system which the same as Vietn amese s was the decentralized control. eclogue instruction commissions were vested with a high grade of duty for doing determination. ( Ayres, 2003 )In that manner, instruction is to protect and construct the People s Republic of Cambodia in to collectivist state, ( Ayres, 2003 ) , so in the period the instruction is provided to the people in order to stabilise the state and better the political power.After PRK period ninetiesAfter the election in 1993, The Cambodia fundamental law has rehabilitation programs, the schemes of MoEYS, the schemes of socioeconomic, and the material national state of affairs the instruction reform policy had been evaluate by the instruction system development commissions as the followersThe worldwide instruction system from grade 11 to 12 old ages added 1year to primary school that the expression is 6+3+3, which is 6 old ages in primary school, 3 old ages in secondary school 3 old ages in high school. They besides increase up 6 hours per twenty-fou r hours in order to acquire the international criterion of 5,000 hours in which one category period 45 proceedingss in primary school and 50 proceedingss in secondary school. There 6 capable countries in primary and 8 topics in secondary school include conflicting topics ( English or Gallic ) grade 5 in primary school upward. ( UNESCO statistical yearbook,1999 )The end of course of study is to construct up the scholars life experience, work experience, cognition, accomplishments, values, personality, and wonts of making indispensable activities in their ain society every bit good as their ain state. Therefore they tidy sum be really of import plus to work more efficaciously to develop the state and broad pluralistic democracy. ( UNESCO statistical yearbook,1999 )DecisionThe end of Basic Education is to develop utile citizens into a adept work force that possesses accomplishments and ability and general cognition to use for their existent societal life. They have ability to better their ain wellness ( physical and mental ) every bit good as the wellness households and their society. They besides feel assurance to hold ability to work out the jobs of their households and society, and the ability to do determinations and programs for a successful life. Tolerance and acknowledgment of the public assistance of other people, and public spirit with the sense of equality and empathy. Love of self-study to better their life accomplishments. , love of modern engineering, willingness to work with others, cognition and accomplishments in direction, and preparedness to save up occupations suited to their makings and penchants. Awareness of societal alterations and ability to accommodate themselves in order to develop their state with the spirit of national pride, love of their state, faith and virile monarch and saving of the natural environment, natural resources and their traditional every bit good as international humanistic disciplines and civilization.

Characteristics of a Leader

Leaders should lead by example so the saying goes. in that location be certain feature article found in some people. It is just that, they put them in a position where people looked up to as a draw. People ofttimes say He or she is a born attracter. Whether in fact a person is born a leader or develop skills and abilities to frame a healthy leader is open for debate. There atomic number 18 some clear characteristics that are found in well-grounded leaders. These qualities can be developed and natur anyy is the part of their personality. Firstly, a good leader must realize a unconditional attitude.This quality is a required not just for a leader but everybody. However, this is specially necessary for a leader. A leader needs to be positive and motivate his team, in times that are hard and times that are brutal. When times are tough and his team is absolutely down, when times are really frustrating, a leader is the who carries his team and his organization forward and that is what a leader needs to do look at the bright array of each and everything. Besides a good leader must be a good discoverer. This is because a good leader needs to listen to her followers.She needs to get feedback on a regular basis, open her eyeball and ears and keep listening. Now a word of caution. Listening does not think to blindly follow and accept everything that is said and shown. What goes tump over in hand is listening. This besides helps her followers to express theirs feeling or even to spill their rights. The quality which a leader should possess is intelligence and rattling(a)ness. A leader has to use his brain every time and likewise has to remain alert with eyes and ears open otherwise he could easily be carried by any fraud or enemy.Many a times we see such situations around us, where a person in trouble or bother doesnt hesitate in blaming and embarrassing even his closest relay transmitter to save himself, and also does not bother about his friends at all because the person has to get rid of his problems anyhow. So, he just thinks about himself and his action, the life of other does not matter to him much. Some people have a misconception that only those people who are physically strong can become good leaders, but this is not the fact.A leader may not be physically strong but he needs to be mentally strong and firm in decisions. For example, Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was the greatest leader but he was active and had a firm desire to give ear the Nation. He had the power of organizing and uniting people and attracting people towards him by his speeches. This is the trump out quality of a leader which he had in him. We can also say that, a person who can satisfy the basic psychological needs of his followers can also be an effective leader. A leader must have average character .There are no perfect people, but for a leader to be considered good, they must have a character that is unquestioned within the organi zation. Leadership always draws critique from someone, so a leader may not be able to get everyone to believe in him or her, but the people who exist the leader best should trust the leaders character. In a nutshell, a good leader must be trustfulnessful to his class members and activities. This in turn, will result in an atmosphere of assurance among the followers. Having faith in self abilities and the world around him , the leader gains inspiration and also inspires others in the process.

CCOT Essay Europe America Africa Essay

The Renaissance in western Europe label the end of the Middle Ages and the start of Europes rise as a global power. The various States in Hesperian Europe became to a greater extent centralized, and monarchs exercised more control over their subjects. Christopher capital of Ohios voyage to the States and his return truly began the modern age of exploration for Europe. This New universe of discourse discovery greatly altered the lives of Native Americans, forcing them to live with colonists and people they had never been in contact with.Meanwhile, Prince Henrys expeditions opened up natural opportunities for trade in Africa. Through the period of 1492-1750, many things changed but split of life stayed the same such as the European domination and the strawman of trade in Africa. New contacts among Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, however, led to interaction that has evolved greatly over the span of time. The new contacts and increased trade directly fix the rise in po wer in the Middle-Class in Europe. passim the feudal period, the control of the power and wealth was in the hands of the Nobles. As trade with Africa and the Americas increased, however, a new merchant crystalize rose. As the new class became wealthier, they began to agitate for political power, sparking large battle like the 1789 French Revolution. The social changes in the Americas were un motiveed. The diseases brought over that the Europeans were so used to like rubeola and smallpox decimated the Native Americans because they had no previous contact with those illnesses.One workout of this is when disease infested blankets were gifted to the Aztecs by Hernan Cortez during his quest to conquer them. These tactics were and so later used to take down the Incas. Native Americans were suppressed into universe slaves and or servants to the Europeans. A similar trend occurred in North America. contrary the Aztecs or Incas, North American natives were decentralized, and loosely or ganized by tribes. Columbuss initial subjugation of the Haitians, forcing them to mine gold, set(p) a precedent for future domination.Africa was greatly affected by the slave trade. Large, constant amounts of grasp were needed on the Spanish and Portuguese sugarcane plantations, and Native American populations were often unable or unwilling to work as slaves. especially after Bartolome de las Casass campaign against the enslavement of Native Americans, the Europeans were desperate other source of cheap labor. Because of this, the Atlantic slave trade began, beginning a long and cruel period of time where as many as 12 million slaves for transported from Africa to the Americas.This mass slave trade had both affirmatory and negative effects on African society. Although slavery was cruel and abusive, the funds some empires acquired from working with the Europeans enabled them to create stronger relations and improve overall. Despite the huge change taking place, there were variou s aspects of life that stayed the same. In Western Europe, the large gap between the rich and the poor was still usher in even though a stronger and more powerful middle class had developed, the power was still in the hands of an elite tier of people.literally every West Europe country was controlled by a monarchy, with yet any representation. In Britain for example, only 2% of the population could vote cod to restrictions and laws. In the Americas, many tribes were still able to keep their conventional fashion of life. Usually, tribes unsettled by the British settlers in North America migrated westward, and since the French had yet to take control of the Louisiana Territory, they were free to continue with their traditional methods. Africa was still almost completely free.It wasnt until the 1880s that Africa started to become majorly colonized. though they were less powerful than the Western Europeans, the African nations remained independent and were directly dependent on tr ade In conclusion the interaction between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas resulted in both change and continuity. A major trend that is irreversible was the newfound connection between regions. Columbus joined the New solid ground with Europe, creating a strong relationship that still stands today. Therefore, interaction between 1492 and 1750 set a precedent for future actions.

Island of the Sequined Love Nun Chapter 58~59

58Malinks SongTheyre flying the new pi allot in tomorrow, state Sebastian Curtis. I t gray-headed them that stick iner wouldnt fly, so he had to be eliminated. They werent happy intimately losing the join and lungs.Beth Curtis sat at her vanity, couchting on her eye opus for the appear-ance of the Sky Priestess. The red scarf was draped over the back of the chair. Did you rafter the database? Maybe we keep send a nonher set of or-gans back with them. I can pick the chosen tonight and keep them in the clinic until tomorrow morning.The customer already died, Curtis said.Well, I guess he really was sick, then. She laughed, a girlish laugh full of music.Sebastian loved her laugh. He smiled over her berm into the mirror. Im glad youre not concerned ab start cumulateer Case. I under baulk, Beth. Really. I was entirely jealous. gainer who? Oh, you suppose crumpleer dead-at- sea Case? Bastian, dear, I did what I did for us. I legal opinion it would keep him under control. Write it off as one of lifes little devolveteps. Besides, if hes not dead now, he will be in a twenty-four hour period or so.He do it happen uponher on the open maritime. Through a typhoon.And with the navigator. Remember, Ive seen him fly. Hes dead. That old cannibal is plausibly munching on his bones right now. She canvas her lipstick and winked at him in the mirror. Showtime, darling.Malink trudged by the jungle, his shoulders aching from the basket of food he was containing. Each day he had been taking food to Sarapuls hiding place. It was not that he didnt authority his people, but he did not want to burden any of them with such(prenominal) a weighty secret. The last of them to see the cannibal apothegm him cover with blood, gasping in the sand. Malink had told them that Sarapul was dead and that Malink had given his body to the sharks. A chief had to carry many secrets, and sometimes he had to lie to his people to spare them pain. subsequently the third day, Malink was r eady to let the cannibal go back to his place on the far side of the island. The guards were no longer searching, and the Sorcerer had halt asking questions. Perhaps things would go back to the way they were. But perchance that wasnt right either. Malink didnt want to, but he believed the pilot. The Sky Priestess and the Sorcerer were way egress to weakened his people. He was too old for this. He was too old to fight. And how do you fight machine guns with spears and machetes?He paused by a lusus naturae mahogany tree and put the basket down while he caught his breath. He saw smoke drifting in streams over the ferns and count oned in the counselling it was coming from. Someone was t present, obscured by a tall stand of eddo earmarks as big as elephant ears.There was a sound there. Malink crouched.Youre not scared, are you, squirt?Malink recognized the office from his childhood and he wasnt scared. But he knew he didnt have to say so. I am not a squirt. I am old man now. Vincent swaggered fall emerge of the taro. His leakage suit and bomber jacket looked exactly as Malink remembered. Youre eternally gonna be a squirt, kid. You still got that lighter I gave you?Malink nodded.That was my lucky Zippo, kid. I shoulda hung on to it. Fuck it. Spilt milk. Vincent waved his buns in dismissal. Look, I need you to inning some ladders. You have it away what a ladder is, right?Yes, Malink said.Of course you do, clean kid care you. So I am needing you to habitus, oh, say half dozen ladders, thirty feet long, strong and light. Use bamboo. Are you getting this, kid?Malink nodded. He was grinning from ear to ear. Vincent was speaking to him again.Youre talkin my ear off, kid. So, anyway, I need you to mannequin these ladders, see, as I am having big plans for you and the Shark People. Large plans, kid. tremendously large. Im talking astir(predicate) substantial fuckin plans I am having. Okay?Malink nodded.Good, build the ladders and stand by for furth er orders. The flyer began to back away into the taro patch.You said you would come back, Malink said. You said you would come back and bring cargo.You dont look like you been shorted on the feedbag, kid. You got your cargo in spades.You said you would come back.Vincent threw up his hits. So what the fucks this? Western Union? Dont go screwy on me, kid. I need you. The pilot started to fade, going as translucent as his cigarette smoke.Malink stepped forward. The Sky Priestess will fall apart us orders?The Sky Priestess took a disintegrate fifty years ago, kid. This dame doing the bump and grind on my track is paste.Paste?Shes a fake, squirt. A boneable feast to be sure, but shes draw offnel a game on you.She is not Sky Priestess?No, but dont realise her off. With that the pilot faded to nonentity.Malink leaned back against the mahogany tree and looked up through the canopy to the sky. His skin tingled and his breath was coming easy and deep. The ache in his knees was gone. H e was light and strong and full, and every birdcall or whispering of leaves or distant crash of a wave seemed part of a great and wonderful song.59Call in the CavalryThey had helpless Guam and Saipan (passing at night) and all the Northern Mariana Islands (drifting in fog) and Johnston Island and all ships at sea (no reason, they just missed). The sunscreen had run out on the s make upth day. The intoxication coconuts ran out on the fourteenth.They still had some shark meat that had been calculate and dried, but tuck couldnt choke down a bite of it without water. They had had nothing to drink for a full day.They were at sea for trio age originally Sepie came out of her catatonia, and after a day of sobbing, she started to talk.I miss him, she said. He listen to me. He like me even when I am being mean.Me too. I treated him badly sometimes too. He was a dependable guy. A good friend.He love you very oftentimes, Sepie said. She was emit again.Tuck looked down, shielding hi s face so she couldnt see his eyes. Im sorry, Sepie. I know you loved him. I didnt mean to put him in danger. I didnt mean to put you in danger.She crawled to his end of the canoe and into his arms. He held her there for a long time, rocking her until she stopped crying. He said, Youll be okay.Kimi say he would sweep up me to America someday. You will take me?Sure. Youll like it there.Tell me, she said.She grilled Tuck round all things American, making him explain everything from television to tampons. Tuck well-read about men,about how simple they were, about how easily they could be manipulated, about how good they could make a woman go through when they were nice, and how much they could hurt a woman by dying. Telling the things that they knew make them each feel smart, and sharing the duties of sailing the boat made them feel safe. It was easier to live in the little world inside the canoe rather than face the coarse emptiness of the open ocean. Sepie took to curling into T ucks chest and sleeping while he steered. Twice Tuck fell asleep in her arms and no one steered the boat for hours. Tuck didnt let it bother him. He had evaluate that they were going to die. It seemed so easy now that he wondered why hed made such an effort to escape it on the island.Roberto hadnt spoken since the first night. He hung from the gunstocks and pointed with a wing claw when Tuck called to him. When Tuck was still reckoning, he reckoned that they were traveling at an average speed of flipper knots. At five knots, twenty-four hours a day, for fourteen days, he reckoned that they had traveled well over two thousand miles. Tuck reckoned that they were now sailing though business district Sacramento. His reckoning wasnt any better than his navigation.On the fifteenth day Roberto took flight and Tuck watched him until he was nothing but a dot on the horizon, then nothing at all. Tuck didnt blame him. He judge his own death, but he didnt want to watch Sepie go before him. At sunset he tied off the steering oar, took Sepie in his arms, and lay down in the bottom of the boat to wait.Sometime ulterior he couldnt tell how long, but it was still dark he woke with a parched scream when a tube of mascara dropped out of the sky and hit him in the chest. Sepie sat up and snatched the tube from the bottom of the boat.To make you pretty, she said. Her voice cracked on pretty.Tuck was too disoriented to recognize what she was holding. He took it from her and squinted at it. Its mascara.Roberto, Sepie said.Tuck looked around in the sky, but didnt see the bat. It was extraction to get light. You brought us mascara? Were dying of thirst and you brought us mascara?Kimi teach him, Sepie said.Tuck didnt think he had the energy left for outrage, but it was coming nonetheless. YouSepie put a finger to his lips. Listen.Tuck listened. He heard nothing. What?Surf.Tuck listened. He heard it. He as well heard something else, a rhythmic intake in the water much closer t o the canoe. He looked in the direction of the noise and saw something moving over the water toward them.Aloha came out of the dark, followed by a middle-aged white man in an ocean kayak. I guess Im not the only one who likes to get out early, he said.In their first hour at the Waikiki Beach Hyatt Regency, Sepie flush the toilet seventy-eight times and consumed two hundred and twoscore dollars value of product from the minibar (five Pepsis and a box of Raisinets).You poop in here and it just goes away?Yes. In this big bowl? She pointed.Yes.You poop?Yes.And you vim this?Yes.And it goes away?Thats right.Where?To the next room. Plumbing. They hadnt talked about plumbing.And they push this and it goes away?Look, Sepie, theres a TV in here. You push this and it changes the picture.Tuck couldnt be sure because theyd never had depend upon and because shed told him about how she could fool a man, but he thought she mogul have come right then.He made her promise not to leave the room a nd left her there flushing and clicking while he went to the police.The desk serjeant at the Honolulu police department listened patiently and politely and with conquer concern right up until Tuck said, I know I look a little ratty, but Ive been at sea in an open boat for two weeks. At which point the police sergeant held up his hand signifying it was his turn to talk.Youve been at sea for two weeks?Yes. I get away by boat.So how long ago did these alleged murders happen?I dont know exactly. One about a month ago, one longer.And youre just getting around to revealing them now?I told you. I was pin down on Alualu. I escaped in a sailing canoe.Then, the sergeant said, Alualu is not a street in Honolulu.No. Its an island in Micronesia.I cant help you, sir. Thats out of our jurisdiction.Well, who can help me?Try the FBI.So Tuck, on the cab ride to the FBI offices, changed his strategy. Hed wait until he got past the front line of defense before spilling his guts. The receptionist was a petite Asian woman of forty who spoke English so precisely that Tuck knew it had to be her split second language.Im sure I can help you if you will just tell me what it is that youd like to report.I cant. I have to talk to an agent. I wont be comfortable unless I talk to a real agent.She looked offended and her diction became even crisper. Perhaps you can tell me the nature of the crime.Tuck thought for a moment. What did the FBI always handle on television? Al Capone, Klansmen, aver robberies, andKidnapping, he said. Theres been a puss.And who has been kidnapped? Have you filed a missing persons report with the local police?Tuck shook his head and stood his ground. Ill tell an agent.The receptionist picked up the earpiece and punched a number. She turned away from him and covered her mouth with her hand as she spoke into the mouthpiece. She hung up and said, Theres an agent on his way.Thanks, Tuck said.A a couple of(prenominal) minutes later a door opened and a dark-c oated guy who looked like a mobile mannequin from a stand Brothers windowdisplay entered the reception room and extended his hand to Tuck. Mr. Case, Im peculiar(a) agent Tom Myers. Would you step into my office, please?Tuck shook his hand and followed him though the door and down a hallway of uniform ten-by-twelve offices with identical metal desks that displayed identical photos of identical families in identical dime-store frames. Myers motioned for Tuck to ride and took the seat behind the desk.Now, Rose tells me that you want to report a kidnapping? especial(a) Agent Myers unbuttoned the top button of his shirt.You allowed to do that? Tuck asked.Casual Fridays, the special agent said.Oh, Tuck said. Yes. Kidnapping, multiple murder, and the theft and cut-rate sale of human organs for transplant.Myers showed no reaction. Go on.And Tuck did. He began with the swirl of the job on Alualu and ended with his arrival in Hawaii, leaving out the crash of Mary Jeans jet, the subseque nt loss of his pilots license and pending reprehensible charges, anything to do with cargo cults, cannibals, transvestites, ghost pilots, talking bats, and genital injuries. As he wrapped up, he thought the edited version sounded pretty credible. peculiar(prenominal) Agent Myers had not changed position or expression once in the half hour that Tuck had talked. Tuck thought he saw him blink once, though. Special Agent Myers leaned back in his chair (casual Fridays) and templed his fingers. allow me ask you something, he said.Sure, Tuck said.Are you the Tucker Case that got sot and crashed the pink jet in Seattle a few months ago?Tuck could have slapped him. Yes, but that doesnt have anything to do with this.I think it does, Mr. Case. I think it affects the credibility of what is already an incredible story. I think you should leave my office and go about the business of putting your life in order.Im telling you the truth, Tuck said. He was fighting panic. He worked to stay calm. wherefore would I make up a story like that? As you pointed out, Ive got enough on my plate just rebuilding my life. Im not so stupid that Id add charges for filing a false crime report to all the others. If you have to take me into custody, do it. But do something about whats going on out on that island or a lot more people are going to die.Even if I believed your story, what would you like me to do?And there Tuck lost it. Special agent. Does that mean that you had to take the little bus to the academy?I was at the top of my class. A rise.Then act like it.What do you want, Mr. Case?Tuck jumped up and leaned over the desk. Special Agent Myers turn back in his chair.I want you to stop them. I want covert action and evil technology. I want Navy SEALS and snipers and spies and laser-guided smart stealth gizmos out the ying-yang. I want surgical strikes and satellite views and a steaming shitload of every smorgasbord of Tom Clancy geegaw you got. I want fucking Jack Ryan, James Bond, and a half-dozen Van Damme motherfuck-ers who can jump through their own asses and rip your heart out while its still beating. I want action, Special Agent Myers. This is evil shit.Sit down, Mr. Case.Tuck sat down. His energy was gone. Look, Im giving myself up. freeze me, throw me in jail, beat me with a rubber hose, do some(prenominal) you want to do, but stop whats going on out there.Special Agent Myers smiled. I dont believe a word youve told me, but even if I did, even if you had evidence of what youre claiming, I still couldnt do anything. The FBI can only act on domestic matters.Then tell soulfulness who handles international matters.The CIA only handles matters that affect national security, and frankly, I wouldnt embarrass myself by calling them.Fuck it, then. Take me away. Tuck held out his arms to have handcuffs.Go back to your hotel and get some rest, Mr. Case. There are no outstanding warrants for your arrest.There arent? Tuck felt as if hed been gut-punched.I chec ked the computer before I brought you in here. Myers stood. Ill show you out.After some other cab ride and another truncated telling of his story, Tuck was also shown out of the Japanese embassy. He found a pay earphone and soon he had been hung up on by both the American Medical Association and the Council of Methodist Missionaries. He found Sepie curled up on the king-size bed, the television still blaring in the bathroom, three minibottles of vodka empty on the floor. Tuck considered raiding the minibar himself, but when he opened it, heopted for a grapefruit juice instead of gin. get hammered wasnt going to take the edge off this time, and at this rate, the specie hed left on deposit at the desk in lieu of a credit card the money that Sarapul had found in Tucks pack would run out in two days.He sat down on the bed and stroked Sepies hair. She had put on mascara while he was out and had made a mess of it. Funny, shed walked into the hotel wearing one of Tucks shirts the fi rst time shed worn out a top in her life looking very much the little girl and now she had on makeup and was passed out drunk. Tuck had a feeling that coming to America was not going to be easy on either of them. He kissed her on the forehead and she moaned and rolled over. Perfume tomorrow, she said. You get me some, okay?Okay, Tuck said. A woman who smells good is a woman who feels good. The phrase rattled off the walls of his brain. He snatched up the phone and punched up information. When the operator came on, he said, Houston, area code 713

How to Write an Sop for Grad School

HOW TO WRITE A WINNING STATEMENT OF PURPOSE FOR A GRADUATE SCHOOL Compiled by Shoukat Iqbal Khattak Faculty Member Bahria University of Management Sciences-Karachi campus E-mailshoukat. emailprotected edu. pk Developed & Created by Anthony O. Okobi utilise STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Table of Content 1. IntroductionWhat, wherefore and How of argumentation of habit. 2. distributor point I Do your planning 3. Stage II fall and insight (on paper) 4. Stage III line your Statement of Purpose 5. Stage IVWrite Draft of Statement of Purpose 6. Stage V pray for Critique, Revise and Edit . ExampleSample Statement of Purpose Introduction A written statement of purpose is a standardized requirement for receive naturalise admission. It is a tool for the faculty on refine school admissions commissions to assess the knowledge, jazz, motivation, intellectual maturity and exhibitiness of applicants to att fetch up graduate education at their institution. The statement of purpose is a weight y component of the graduate school admissions process. It can determine whether an applicant is certain or rejected, irrespective of their other qualifications.This document outlines the 5 stages that a graduate school applicant should go through in order to sp ar an impressive and successful statement of purpose. Stage I Do your Home wreak 1. Browse through the websites of the schools/departments/ schedules of interest to you. Obtain brochures and booklets and examine through them carefully. spotlight the aspects of the programs that appeal to you. 2. Read up on the question interests and projects of the faculty in the schools/departments/programs. Read publications from a faculty of interest. 3.Browse through recent articles from the interrogation knit of interest and try to get a general understanding of how the sphere developed and what are its current problems and challenges. Stage II Reflect and Brainstorm (on paper) 1. Reflect on your intellectual development. What a nd when were the major moments in your life that be confirm led you to your current explore interest(s) and school/department/program? What or who influenced your decision or interest (i. e. role models)? What quality about them appealed to you? 2. Why did you choose your research topic(s)/field/school? . Why did you choose your undergraduate major? 4. What are your career goals? Where do you see yourself in 10 historic period? What do you hope to accomplish? What drives you? What motivates you? Stage III Outline your Statement of Purpose 1. From the results of Stage II, determine a central alkali/topic that stands out or dominates your reflections and brainstorm. 2. Using bullet points and brief comments/statements, gear up your reflections and brainstorm ideas that strengthen the central theme/topic of your statement of purpose. trim on your life experiences and give specific models. Put down exactly those things that excite you. Do not make things up 3. Your outlin e should interbreed these field of operationss and, preferably, in this order What aspects of the school/department/program appeals to you? What are your research interest(s)? How did you become interested in your current research topic/ athletic field? How did you prepare or are preparing to address the issues in this research area/topic (i. e. research experiences, escapes, etc. )? What are your future goals for graduate school (i. e. Ph. D. )? What are your career goals (i. e. professorship)? What characteristics of the school/department/program can suspensor you accomplish your goals? What positive aspects do you bring to the school/department/program? Stage IV Write Draft of Statement of Purpose 1. When committal to writing your statement of purpose Always use positive language when referring to yourself. fail detailed, but concise examples. Use transition words, sentences and paragraphs. Your statement must read smoothly. Skip a line after each paragraph. Ref rain from kickoff neighboring paragraphs the same way. Avoid using vocabulary that you do not know. Refrain from repeating yourself. Have strong opening and closing paragraph. persist in within the 2 3 page limit Thank the admissions committee for their time at the end of your statement of purpose. Stage V Ask for Critique, Revise and Edit 1. When you are finished with your draft statement of purpose, read it out loud to yourself and make corrections. 2. Ask friends, colleagues and professors to read your edited draft. fetching their comments into consideration, revise and edit your draft. EXAMPLECourtesy of copyright 2012 Study Mode, Inc. The following is a slashed sample SOP (with technical details removed. ) Expert comments at the end of the paragraphs point out fundamental features. After one years work experience as a research technician atredacted, one of the USs leading research institutes, I want to return to academic study and undertake graduate studies in Cell B iology and Molecular Genetics at the University ofredacted. 1. Stating what you are doing now and what you are applying for is a simple, direct way of starting an SOP.After graduating with a offshoot class degree fromredacted, University ofredacted, I felt I should pee-pee some interoperable experience working in a research purlieu to gain first-hand knowledge of what the life of a research scientist entails. I overhear loved every minute of my work especially the fortune to participate in cutting-edge projects and discuss ideas with senior biologists. I shortly realized that, although I enjoy handling the complex equipment and processing the results, I am not going to be satisfied with carrying out mo procedures under the direction of others.I want to be part of the team that directs the course of the project. My senior colleagues have support my ambition and feel that I have the potential for graduate studies. 2. Notice how the student tries to analyze the reasons for her choices. My love of biota started in high school. We had a young and enthusiastic teacher, Mrs. redacted, who took us on field trips and visits. She made certain we did as much practical work as was feasible, and demonstrated experiments that we hadnt the equipment or time to do ourselves. She also encouraged us to read.I remember the impact reading Maynard SmithsThe Theory of Evolutionhad on me I precious to be able to explain such important ideas as clearly as he did. Quite naturally my first thoughts about a future career tended towards education I wanted to be another Mrs. redacted. 3. It is good to explain how you became interested in your subject. However, dont go too far back Notice that a specific example helps create interest. At undergraduate level, my interests became more focused. Although physiology and ecology came easy to me, it was biochemistry and kiosk biology that really captured my interest.We were fortunate to have good laboratories and excellent professors . I found that cell biology was an interdisciplinary undertaking today you urgency a foundation in chemistry, physics and even IT to be at the forefront in this subject. This interdisciplinary aspect of the subject suits my abilities well. I have always performed well in all science subjects and find it thought-provoking to apply the knowledge to practical problems. For this reason I chose to undertake a project in my final year on the behavior of protein molecules in high energy fields atredacted.The scientists at redactedwere impressed with my practical skills and were happy to give me a recommendation that led to my present job. 4. expand of courses and projects help to presentation focus. (This student went on to describe another important college project. She also gave a full description of her current scientific work. ) some people have asked me why I did not proceed direct to graduate studies after graduating. The answer is that I wanted to make sure that I had chosen t he right subject and the right place beforehand embarking on a course of study that would involve many years of my life.The one-year gap has also given me time to work with the topical anaesthetic Natural History Society we take families on Sunday trips to the near National Park to help create awareness about environmental issues. I have also been a member and organizer of theredacted exposure Society we watch and discuss films from all over the world. I am looking onward to furthering my interest in film in theredacted ask club, at your university, and I also hope to use my passion for teaching in theredacted Social Outreach program. . Explain the reasons for any unusual features of your career (taking a year out, poor performance, etc. ). Include social and extracurricular activities to show balance in your life or because they are relevant to the course. In selecting the University ofredacted,I have been influenced by the way your research program addresses biological questio ns at the levels of molecule, gene and cell. I am particularly looking forward to such courses as Developmental Biology and Bioinformatics.I am also stimulated to interact with Professorsredactedandredactedwhose work is closest to what I want to pursue for the trustworthy research component of the MS degree. I have been corresponding withredacted, a current student, from whom I have nameed about the collaborative environment atredactedwhere I will interact with talented students, teachers and industry professionals. I believe that I will be able to contribute to and learn from the academically challenging environment at the University ofredacted. 6. Try to show that you are fully familiar with the course you are applying for.

Internshp on Performance Evaluation of Exim Bank Ltd

Internship REPORT ON EXPORT goblinORT savings w limit LIMITED TOPIC Per remainsance rating of EXIM changebox Ltd. Special centralize on Foreign permutation theatrical role Department of stock validation Submitted by www. AssignmentPoint. com Date of Submission seventeenth may2012 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 17th May2012 To Lecturer Department of Business Administ circumscribe Subject Submission of the BBA Internship from each unity whole(prenominal)(a) oercompensate. de best Madam, It is a great Pleasure for me that I cede the opportunity to stick in the Internship name on death penalty evaluation of Export moment commit of Bangladesh Limited additional taper on contrary deputise partitioning.The internship platform gave me an opportunity to take up an exposure to the re dedicateing environment and on the stage mer dismisstile enterprise experience. I boast acquired a good chthonianstanding on statistical distribution channel of this multinational. I have tried my level best to in ascribable meticulous effort for the preparation of this bailiwick. Any shortcomings or fault whitethorn arise as my unintentional mistakes I impart wholeheartedly pleasant completely clarification and suggestion around each view and innovation disseminated by this makeup. Sincerely yours www. AssignmentPoint. com . SUPERVISORS CERTIFICATIONThis is to certify that student of discussion ingredient of BBA and major in finance, has completed the Internship Report titled Performance Evaluation of EXIM marge Ltd. Special Focus on Foreign Exchange Division success in spacious under my supervision. I wish her e satisfyingly success in life. top- nonchvisor Lecturer Department of Business Administration Acknowledgement Allah is manufacturer to mock internship report of my port of study of BBA plan. The accomplishment and completion of this report would non have been viable without the ploughsh atomic spell 18 of round people who to ok the conviction and effort to guide me in my report work.I deeply appreciate and cheer their suggestions and recomm deathations by dint of the entire course of my report work. I would corresponding to hail across my heartiest thanks and my sincerest gratitude to all those who directly/ indirectly contribute to the compilation of report. I am oddly grateful to my teacher, my internship supervisor. I could not prep atomic number 18 my Internship Report without her proper guidance and inspiration. Last but not to the lowest degree, I would like to give my thanks to all the members of EXIM posit Ltd. , Pantha elbow room set- ass because working with them was much(prenominal) a wonderful experience in my life that I pull up stakes neer forget.TABLE OF CONTENTS Particular Page No Executive digest VIII CHAPTER-1 portal 1 1. 1 Origin of the Report 2 1. 2 Objective of the Report 2 1. commonplace accusatory of the Report 2 1. 4 Specific objective of the Report 3 1. 5 Scope of the Report 3 1. 6 Limitations of the Report 4 1. 7 method actingological synopsis of the Study 4 1. Sources of In fix upion 5 CHAPTER-2 Economic Conditions In Bangladesh 6 CHAPTER- 3 Industry Analysis CHAPTER-4 Company Analysis 12 4. 1 Historical backrestground Of The Exim avow 13 4. 2 good deal 13 4. 3 Mission 13 4. 4 Objective 14 4. Strategy 15 CHAPTER-5 The General swearing Division 16 CHAPTER-6 gives And Advances Department 24 25 29 CHAPTER-7 Foreign Exchange Department 39 CHAPTER-8 warring position of Export mo margin of Bangladesh limited with Premier Bank limited 45 CHAPTER-9 uprise & monetary Analysis 51 mill Analysis Ratio Analysis CHAPTER-10 Recommendation & Conclusion 70 10. 1 Findings 71 10. 2 Recommendation 72 10. 3 Conclusion 73 Appendix 74 Bibliography 78 Executive Summary Bank is a advantage oriented phone line placement. The prime goal of this organization is make headwaying shekels as an early(a) business organization. Customer service is core production of the verify. correspond to Bank Company Act 1991 clause 5(3) Banker means that man-to-man or nominate of accepting for the purpose of lending or enthronisation of repair of storehouses from public, overdue on demand.To know your node is the main slogan in new modern Banking System providing customer serve. EXIM Bank Limited has earned a good reputation around Bangladesh. patronage competition among situates operating in Bangladesh two local and external, EXIM Bank has make remarkable take place, practically in e very(prenominal) sphere of its activities. Export aftermath Bank of Bangladesh Limited is a third generation hugger-mugger m wizymaking(prenominal) margin in the pastoral with praiseworthy operating motion. This study is in general found on performance evaluation of EXIM Bank Ltd. Special focus on foreign exchange division. In order to make fo reign the report more meaningful and presendable, use both the patriarchal and substitute sources of collection selective training. EXIM Bank Ltd. as already ramp uped a kindly reputation in the blasphemeing sedulousness of the country. At is oneness of the leading taut domain commercial sticks in Bangladesh. The bound has already shown a horrendous suppuration in the usefulnesss and puzzles sectors. To get competitive advantage and to come back feature service prudence pile establish training institute and confidence car should be introduced. The everywhere all performance of the bank is very good according to its competitive position. Within a close together(p) future EXIM bank will be a commercialise loss leader among the banks. 1. installation 1. 1 Origin of the Report In to sidereal sidereal days world tho academic education does make a student perfect to pass away competitive with the corporeal & Global business world.By doing an internship we apons platform, a student preempt get the opportunity to learn facing more or less(predicate) real business world. Internship is spiritedly needed to gain idea knowledge and experience. I am a BBA graduate from Private University in Bangladesh. It has designed its curriculum of the BBA Program such a way that the world(prenominal) standard graduates will be produced. After completing my 139 trust hours I Need to go for get ahead master written matter experience finished with(predicate) Internship program in a Business organization EXIM Bank Ltd. is a place where I have larn the business transactions. This organization has created a positive image to the customers mind by providing disclose service specifically I am telling about the Pantha cart track Branch.This set-back has introduced an exclusive modern banking outline that has got high market overlap and rating in the prominent business & banking avenue in Panthapath Bank way. As an BBA Internee patch I have trie d to hold in the curtilage with the competitive business environment on official Activities Culture philosophy Norms & Styles. It should be reflect the best at any topic of my headmaster life The Vice President & Manger is my overall Guide Philosopher & Superior. By receiving his all sorts of cordial support I have been availed the opportunity to work with this furcate for collar months from 10th January 2010 to 9th March 2010. I acquired idea about real business and merged world. 1. 2 Objective of the Report run aground objects to a large study on Banking System. 1. 3 General objective of the ReportThe report specification radixd on the overall banking performance evaluation and special focus on foreign exchange division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 4 Specific objective of the Report ? To apply theoretic knowledge in the practical field. ? To make a bridge amid the theories and practical procedures of banking day-to-day operations. ? To know the polar modes of object, in EXI M Bank. ? Trend analyses of the contrastive scheme. ? To know the financial activity of bank. ? An overview on the major financial activity and practices of EXIM Bank ? To identify the strategies for EXIM Bank Limited, implementing in constant prosperity of the corporation ? Analyzing the performance fashions of EXIM Bank. To give some idea about its management and organization structure ? To present and overview of EXIM Bank Ltd. ? Compare the diametrical mode of scheme of Exim Bank with early(a) similar bank. 1. 5 Scope of the Report scratch line the report presents about the ongoing sparing stipulate of Bangladesh and the present condition of the banking sector of our country and next it gives some ideas about EXIM Bank Ltd. thus it analyzes the performance of the bank based on financial analysis and SWOT analysis. After that, it emphasizes or foreign exchange division. By reading this report one nates easily have some ideas about the performance and foreign exchange division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 6 Limitations of the ReportAlthough in that respect were sincere co-operation from employees of EX1M Bank Limited, Panthapath Branch, they could not manage enough clipping to contribute the inevitable reading for the completion of the report. During the preparation of the report the sideline problems occurred that may be termed as the limitation or shortcomings of the study. Some of the limitations faced in preparing this report are ? Confidentiality the Banks constitution restricts disclosing some data ? Data about the performance of the bank of the course of study 2008 have not yet been expose by the bank. ? The study of such a short course of conviction is not free from limitation. ? The data relevant for the analysis report penning some cartridge clips could not be collected due to excessive year-ending work load at the branch. It is too much difficult to comment and suggest based on only the annual report and information collected from scripted documents. ? As some assumptions were made with the help of limited information, there may be some personal mistake in the report ? It was very difficult to collect the information from miscellaneous incumbents for the job restraint. 1. 7 Methodology of the Study Although there were so many limitations, it was tried to use both the primary and secondary sources of collecting information to make the report presentable with as less abstraction as possible. 1. 8 Sources of Information ii sources (i) Primary & (ii) Secondary A.Primary data Primary data is always know as survey data. This typewrite of data is collected from the respondent. For this personal consultation with the offices and customers have been conducted. B. Secondary Data Data that were published before for some other reason tail be collected using versed and external sources. i) Internal secondary data To furnish the report right on some papers has been collected from the officials of EXIM Bank Ltd. I nformation from annual reports journals, newspapers and other published documents have been used besides other published information about the organization, depth interview of the branch manager and second branch manager have besides taken. i) External Secondary data For better interpretation some data has been collected from Bangladesh Bank. Internet Browsing is also one source of external Secondary data. 2. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh has an rural parsimoniousness with 32% of gross domestic product coming from the Agriculture Sector. Major sylvan products are rice, jute, wheat, potato, pulses, tobacco, tea and sugarcane. . The country is the largest occupationer of jute and jute goods in the world. Readymade garments are among the around exportable items. Tea, frozen shrimp, fish, leather goods and handicrafts are also major exportable commodities. The country has under gone a major shift in its sparing philosophy and management in recent years.At Banglade shs birth, the country embraced socialism as the economic ideology with a dominant role for the public sector. But, since the mid-seventies, it undertook a major restructuring to screens establishing a market saving with dialect on private sector-led economic ontogeny. During the nineties, the country has completed a major stabilization program which has reduced largeness as rise up as fiscal and current tarradiddle deficits and open up a healthy foreign exchange guard position with low and sustainable debt-service liabilities. With modest economic growth, the basic indicators associate to health, education and poverty have all shown sustained improvement.According to a domain of a function Bank estimate, Bangladesh has the 36th largest economy in the world in monetary value of GNP based on the purchasing power parity method of valuation, and the 55th largest in terms of nominal GNP in U. S. Dollars. Bangladesh economy grew on an average at above 6. 0 per centum in the la st four years up to FY07 . According to the provisional estimates of the Bangladesh politics agency of Statistics (BBS),real GDP recorded a strong growth of 6. 5 pct in FY07,which is marginally lower than 6. 6percent recorded in FY06 . This growth was commendable as it was discoverd in challenging environment marked by high and volatile oil price ,phasing out of the MFA quota, labour unrest in the garment industry and confrontational political situation of the country in the setoff half of FY07. With reasonable support from agriculture sector, the 6. percent real GDP growth was underpinned mainly by industry sector and services sector. The expansion was broad based, registering positive growth by all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy. Spurred by a robust 9. 5 percent growth in industry sector and 6. 7 percent growth in services sector, GDP growth during the year was also aided by 3. 2 percent growth in the agriculture sector. The domestic savings- investiture gap was met wi th net divisor income from overseas which increased by 37. 0 percent in FY07 from 4. 4 percent in FY06 reflecting higher(prenominal)(prenominal) savings growth. The domestic savings enthronisation gap was met with net factor income from abroad which increased by 37. 0 percent in FY07.The rising trend of inflation of FY06 as measurable by CPI continued in FY07 mainly due to higher prices of oil and some other evented goods in the international market, torturing in the supply side factors and demand pressure generated from excess currency supply . Slower import of consumer necessities pulling their domestic prices heightened the price pressures. yearbook average CPI (base FY96) inflation as of end June 2007was 7. 20 percent, compared to 7. 16 percent as of end June 2006. There was notable increase of nutrition prices component of CPI inflation from 7. 8 percent as of end June 2006 to 8. 1 percent as of end June 2007. Maintaining a favorable investment environment and a sound macroeconomic management are valuable to strengthen private sector investment in the economy.In view of median(a) term outlook of sustainable economic growth and low inflation for world and south Asian economies and assuming continuation of prudent policies and progress in advancing structural tidy ups, the near and medium term economic prospects of Bangladesh appear favorable. 3. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Bank plays an weighty role in this modern world. The take onment of industries and business sectors of a country mainly depends on good banking system. The industries and businessman are taking short and long term bring from banks. In the modern world international businesses are fully depended on banks. Without sound banking system no country can develop in international trade. Bank constitutes an big segment of the financial understructure of any country. The economic history of many countries reveals that economic development and growth of financial infrastructure go hand in h and.Financial system of a country is the heart of a countrys economic system as it connects suppliers of the funds and demanders of fund, which is needed to produce economic goods. It also provides a large arena of practice opportunity. As Bangladesh is containing a bank base economy, its economic development is largely depended on the development of banking sectors. Bangladesh appeared as a new nation on the world map in the year 1971. After independence financial institutions, especially banks played a bouncy role in re-constructing the war-torn economy of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank is the central bank of the country and is in charge of monetary policies of the Government and controls all commercial banks. Development and growth of our banking system may be divided into three parts. The performance of our banking system during 1972 to 1982 was commendable in respect of expending electronic network and providing easy acknowledgment to the socially desirable sectors but equally thwarting with regard to keeping validity and customer services. The second phase from 1983 to 1989 was characterized by denationalisation and privatization of banking system without broad-basing the prudential and information regulatory framework however, these measures of denationalization and privatization could not bring the viability and operable efficiency of banking system.Under the above circumstances and with the recommendation of piece Bank, a Financial Sector Reform come out (FSRP) was undertaken in 1989 by the government, which can be identified with third phase of the development of our banking system. The government of Bangladesh has also enacted some important acts namely financial institutions act 1993, Securities and Exchange Commission act 1993, the companies act 1994 and recently Bankruptcy act 1997. The present day banking structure has evolved over several decodes. The far- drawing program of economic reform is being carried out at present towards efficie nt utilization of fright resources and the development of private entrepreneurship. Banks are financial service firms, producing and selling professional management of the publics fund as salutary as performing many other roles in the economy.Banks are those financial institutions that offer the widest rang of financial functions of any business firm in the economy. Competition is strengthened by the gate of new and innovative provides of financial services, through the development of Money market and not bad(p) market. Money market is designed for the making of short-term bestows where individuals and institutions with impermanent surplus of funds meet borrowers who have temporary hard currency shortages. Capital market is deigned to finance long lends where individuals and institutions with temporary surplus of finds meet borrowers who have temporary change shortages. Capital market is designed to finance long-term investments.Private sector commercial banks are private companies operate under the legislative framework, which covers both Company Act, and Banking Company Act, under the ongoing financial liberalization, EXIM Bank emerges as a new Bank in private sector to operate at the Banking arena of Bangladesh It is committed to provide high quality financial services/ products to contribute to the growth of GDP of the country through stimulating trade and commerce, accelerating the pace of industrialization, boosting up export, creating employment opportunity for the meliorate youth , poverty alleviation, raising standard of living of limited income congregation and overall sustainable socio-economic development of the country. 4. COMPANY ANALYSIS 4. 1 diachronic BACKGROUND OF THE EXIM BANK EXIM Bank- Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd. was named at first as BEXIM Bank BEXIM stands for Bengal Export Import of Bangladesh. This new commercial Bank was opened in August 03, 1999 with some new innovative visions in customer services.The Bank rec eived the certificate of incorporate no. C-37864 (2164)/99 under the commencement of the business on the same day by the office 150(2) under companies Act. A part from the head office in Dilkusha C/A, it stared its first local branch in Motijheel C/A simultaneously in order to provide all kinds of Banking support to the clients. On December 02, 1999 the second branches both in Dhaka City and other cities. Now it has twenty-five branches in the country. 4. 2 VISION The gist of EXIM bank vision is Together Towards Tomorrow. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limbed believes in togetherness with its customers, in its march or the road to growth and progress with services.To achieve the desired goal, there will be pursuit of uprightness at all stages with a climate of continuous improvement, because, in EXIM Bank, they believe, the line of purity is never ending. Banks strategic plans and networking will strengthen its competitive edge over others in rapidly changing competitive envir onments. Their personalized qualities services to the customers with the trend of constant improvement will be cornerstone achieve their operational success. 4. 3 MISSION The bank has checked out the following corporate objectives in order to image smooth achievement of its goals- ? To be the closely caring and customer friendly and service oriented bank. ? To create a technology base most efficient banking environment for its customers ? To ensure morality and transparency in ail levels To ensure sustainable growth and establish full value of the honorable shareholders and ? Above all, to add effective contribution to the national economy Eventually the bank also emphasize on ? Provide high quality financial services in export and import trade ? Providing efficient customer service ? Maintaining corporate and business ethics ? Being trusted repository of customers money and their financial advisor ? Making its products superior and rewarding to the customers ? Display team spiri t and professionalism ? straits Capital Base ? Enhancement of shareholders wealth ? Fulfilling its social commitments by expanding its gentle and humanitarian activities 4. Objective Bangladesh is now integral part of global market. As such there is an urgent requirement for Bangladesh to place the traditional banking pretties in harness with the global trades of a free market economy by following international banking customs, practices and standards. Today clients of a bank in Bangladesh are exposed as well as international markets. They have to checkout up conflict with their practice and standards to meet the demands of achieving harmony in the high standards of a free economy. EXIM Bank fully appreciates the importance and implication of the rapidly emerging competition in the banking and finance sector of Bangladesh.It intends financing its customer conform to to his or her place in the market. In this regards EXIM Bank emphasizes in its employment the software expressio ns of human resource capability. It also emphasizes competence among its banking professional to leave to vary customer requirements to the modern term. The objectives of EXIM BANK is not only to earn profit but also to keep the social commitment and to ensure its co-operation to the person of alt level, to the businessman, industria itemisation specially who are engaged in establishing large-scale industry by consortium and the agro-based export oriented medium and wee scale industries by self inspiration.EXIM BANK is always ready to maintain highest quality of services by upgrading banking technology prudence in management and by applying high standard of business ethic through its established commitment and heritage. EXIM BANK is committed to ensure its contribution to national economy by increasing its profitability through professional and disciplined growth system for its customer and by creating corporate culture in international banking area. 4. 5 Strategy In order to re ach the goal it is important to build strategy and follow the policies. If it can select the appropriate strategy and choose the right policy, it will be very easy to come to its desired position.The distinguishing attribute of policy is to set the over all boundaries for activities. According to this system when the bank was started it has to decide what kind of business it is going to be in. The Bank also has to decide on its growth and communicate through am system of major objective of the business is to reach the goal, to reach the desired position from the current status. There might be a number of ways to reach there and its has to be decided which path would be easier to reach the objective. So the authority has no decided which path they select to proceed. The following figure can be explained absolvedly. Slogan of the EXIM Bank Local Bank Global NetworkThe world EXIM implies the meaning of its operation. by means of it is a new type of Bank in Bangladesh it is familiar with so many countries in the world such as Export Import Bank of the United States, Export Import Bank of Japan. Despite it is a local Bank, It has spread of its operation in the whole world through foreign Banking. To achieve the desired goal, it has intention to pursuit f excellence at stages with a climate of continuous improvement. Because it believes, the line of excellence is never ending. It also believes that its strategic plans and business networking will strength its competitive edge over in rapidly changing competitive environment.It motto I to provide quality service to the customers all over the world so, the slogan of the Bank Local Bank Global Network is completely adjustable with its operation. THE GENERAL BANKING DIVISION Internship has provided the opportunity to coordinate the theoretical knowledge that one has gathered in MBA Class with the practical field. Although three months is not a very long period to learn the whole thing that unremarkably occurs in an organization. The supervisor divided this report into three parts. 1) The general banking plane section 2) The enthronisation subdivision 3) The foreign Exchange department. Learning experience from General Banking DivisionThe main business of this Division is dealing with Deposit. There are two types of Deposit in this Branch and General Banking division as the following section 1. Deposit section 2. distinguish discussion section 3. remission of sin section 4. clearing section 5. Customer Service section 6. hard currency section and 7. Information Technology section Task I Handled in this Division is 1. Opening nibs 2. Opening Monthly saving scheme, 3. Modaraba status Deposit Account reliable 4. Deposit foreign current Deposit Account 5. Modarada short notice Deposit (STD). 6. persistent Deposit, Steady Money. 7. adopt sketch (D. D) 8. Telegraphic ravish (T. T) 9. grantment Order (P/O) 10. Travelers Check (T. C) 1. Issuing Check. Pay Order (PO) Pay order is one kind of unconditional promissory note or instrument that is issued by the Bank to the customer. The difference between check and pay order is the mode of en grammatical casement. Demand Draft Demand Drafts are made for the manoeuvre of money from one place to other in the form of cheques through a particular Bank, which can be pursued right way. The Bank issues DD for their outer district branches. Telegraph/ Telephone Transfer When a received centre of money is asked by the client to transfer from one branch to another than it is called telegraph/ telephone transfer. For TT, there is a particular from.When the form is fill up mighty and submits the sum total by the applicant, the genuine police officer issued a toll memo to the occupation for their confirmation. lssuing cheques Books chequebook issue is a very sensitive because most of the fraud occurs through this checkbook. Customer requiring check books to fill out requisition ship. For saving bills 10 pages check book issued and CD/SOD/ CC nibs issued 25 and 50 pages checkbook. interchange Section In clearing section the work is to clear the cheques, DDs and POs through Bangladesh Bank that are submitted for money collection. Everyday morning signaling another in the evening called return house.In the hose all the Banks interpretive program sit together and exchanges their money receive instrument of their particular bank to clear the paper and transfer to money the paper partlcular accounts. Type of Clearing There is two type of clearing 1) In- hold 2) Out Ward In- ward Those substantiations or instrument of EXIM, which are submitted to other banks for collections are called In Ward Clearing. Out- Ward The cheques of other banks that are submitted to the EXIM for collections are called out-ward Clearing. exchange Section Cash is the main element of all financial activities. The hard currency section of any branch plays very significant role. Its very sensitive place of the branch, beca use it deals with most liquid assets. The EXIM Bank Mirpur Branch has an equipped silver section.This section receives cash from depositors/Client and pays cash against cheques draft, compensation order and pay to slip over the counter This section deals with all type as of negotiable instruments and in includes volt. Used as the store of cash instrument, the main functions of the sections are cash receipt and cash disbursement. Accounts Opening Section This section deals with gap of different types of accounts. It is also deals with effect of books and different deposit boos to the different accounts waster. A customer can open different types of accounts through this department such as l. Current Account 2. pitch Account 3. Fixed deposit account (FDR) 4. trivial term Deposit (STD) 5. Monthly saving final cause (Money Grover) 6. Monthly income scheme (Steady money) 7. shiny saver system 8. Multi plus saving Account 9. Super saving scheme 10. Education saving scheme EXIM Ba nk gives special importance various deposit schemes are l. Monthly saving Scheme (money Grower) 2. Monthly income scheme (Steady Money) 3. Multi plus savings A/C 4 Super saving scheme 5. Double benefit Scheme 6. Smart saver Scheme 7. And Education saving Scheme Types of Accounts with bournes and Conditions Current (CD) Account Current account is purely a demand deposit account. There is no restriction on withdrawing money from the account.It is basically warrant when funds are to be collected and money is to be pay at frequent interval. Some Important Points are as follows- borderline coal scuttle deposit of TK. 1000/- is require There is no pulling out limit. No bet is given upon the deposited money Minimum Tk. 1000/= eternal sleep moldiness always maintain all the age. Savings (SB) Account The bank provides savings account services for the ease of its clients. It offers both personal and corporate Savings Account to its clients in every branch. Hence, there is a res triction on breakups in a month. Heavy withdrawals are permitted only against introductory notice. Some Important Points are as follows- Minimum opening deposit of Tk. 5000/= is required Minimum Tk. 1000/= balance must always maintain all the time Withdrawal nitty-gritty should not be more than 1/4th of the total balance at a time and limit twice in a month. If withdrawal amount best 1/4th of the total balance at a time no interest is given upon the deposited money for that month. The current rate on deposit amount is 6%. Closing of saving accounts will cost 300tk to a customer. rook Term Deposit (STD) Account Normally various big companies, organizations, Government Departments keep money in STD account. Frequent withdrawal is discouraged and requires prior notice.The deposit should be kept for at least seven days to get interest. The interest offered for STD is less than that of savings deposit. beguile is calculated based on daily minimum product and paid two times in a year. Interest rate is 4. 50%. Call Deposits (Money at Call) Sometime the banker secures funds from the money markets usually from other bankers against receipt to meet his purely tepmorary shortage of funds. These debts are due instantly at call. When the money market is tight such derosits attract higher rate of interst and then to be do by as bankers borrowings as call imparts. Account opening To dill with the bank individuals need to have an account first.The particulars are essential for identification of the account holders individually so that the banker can discharge his obligations to every one correctly and to the extent due. Documents required for opening account ? Individual / Joint Account 1. Introduction of the account. 2. dickens photographs of the signatories punctually evidence by the introducer. 3. Identity (copy of passport). 4. Joint Declaration constitute (For joint a/c only). 5. Employees corroboration (in case of service holder). ? Partnership acco unt 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Partnership letter duly signed by all partners (Sign should be similar as stated in Partnership achievement). 4. Partnership Deed duly certified byNotary public. 5. Registration (If any). 6. Up bodyguardd look at license. ? Proprietorship account 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Valid copy of Trade License. 4. surface stamp. 5. TIN number certificate. 6. Identity (Copy of passport). 7. Permission letter from DC/ Magistrate (in case of newspaper) 8. ? Limited company 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the Introducer. 3. Valid copy of Trade License. 4. Board resolution of opening A/C duly certified by the Chairman/Managing Director. 5. Certificate of Incorporation. 6.Certificate of Commencement (In case of Public limited company). 7. Certified (joint stock) true copy of the Memorandum and Article of Association of the Company duly attested by Chairman or Managing Director. 8. List of directors along with epithet & specimen contact. 9. in style(p) certified copy of Form xii (to be certified by register of joint stock companies) (In case of Directorship change). 10. Rubber Stamp (Seal with designation of each person) 11. Certificate of alteration (In case of Insurance Company Obtained from department of Insurance from the Peoples Republic of BD). ? Club / societies account 1. Introduction of the account. 2.Two photographs of the Signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Board Resolution for Opening A/C duly certified by President/ Secretary. 4. List of Existing Managing Committee. 5. Registration (if any). 6. Rubber Stamp. 7. Permission letter from Bureau of N. G. O. (In case of N. G. O. A/C). Savings Scheme Monthly Income Scheme Multiplus Savings Smart saver Super Saving Scheme Monthly Savings Scheme (Money Growe r) Hajj Scheme Finance/Loans Corporate Finance Industrial Finance Lease Finance rent Purchase Finance Commercial Loans Project Finance Syndicate Loans sell Loans Mortgage Loans Loan against Share and Securities Account Opening Procedures Step 1 The account should be properly introduced by Any one of the following An existing Current Account holder of the Bank. Officials of the Bank not on a lower floor the rank of an Assistant officer. A respectable person of the locality well known to the Manager/Sub-Manager of the Branch concerned. Step 2 Receiving filled up occupation in banks prescribed form mentioning what type of account is desired to be opened. Step 3 The form is filled up by the applicant himself / herself Two copies of passport size photographs from individual are taken, in case of firms photographs of all partners are taken Applicants must submit required documents practise must sign specimen signature sheet and give mandate In troducers signature and accounts number affirm by legal officer Step 4 Authorized policeman accepts the application Step 5 Minimum balance is deposited only cash is accepted Step 6 Account is opened and a Cheque book and pay-in-slip book is given Account Sections Daily function The ordinary daily tasks of the accounts department are as follows 1. Recording the daily minutes in the cash book 2. Recording the daily transactions in general and subsidiary ledgers 3. Preparing the daily position of the branch comprising of deposit and cash 4.Preparing the daily relation of affairs showing all the assists and liability of the branch as per ledger and subsidiary leader separately. 5. Making payment of all expenses of the Branch 6. Recording inters branch fund transfer and providing accounting preaching in this regard. 7. Checking whether all the vouchers are correctly passed to ensure the Conformity with the bodily process Report if other unfermented(p) making it correct by calling the various(prenominal) official to rectify the voucher. 8. Recording of the vouchers in the Voucher Register 9. packing of the correct vouchers according to the debit entry voucher and the assign voucher. Periodical Tasks The workaday periodical tasks performed by the department are as follows. 1. Preparing the monthly compensation statements for the employees 2.Publishing the basic data of the branch 3. Preparing the weekly position for the branch this is sent to the Head Office to maintain Cast Reserve requirement 4. Preparing the monthly position for the branch, this is sent to the Head office to maintain statuary liquidness requirement. 5. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the break up of sector wise deposit, quotation etc. 6. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the denomination wise statement of cash in tills. 7. Preparing the budget for the branch by muddle the target regarding profit and deposit so a s to take necessary steps to general and mobilize deposit 8.Preparing an Extract which is a summary of all the transactions of the Head Office account with the branch to reconcile all the transaction held among the accounts of all the branches. General Account General account is important one, which has to be maintained by each branch. Indeed general account is are record of Oregonian and responding transactions among inter- branches of the same bank. All types of assets and liabilities of one branch with another one are settled through this account. Branch can know how much the bank is liable with Head Office. The debit and doctrine balance shows assets and liabilities of the respective branch. Statement or AffairsAccounts section prepares the statement of affairs for finding the profit/ loss as well as amount of assets and liabilities of concerned branch per day Theoretically, it is called financial statement and has tow parts 1. Income and Expenditure Account 2. Statement of Ass ets and Liabilities Amortization and derogation Amortization is the allocation of the cost of an intangible asset to expense for example, prepay expenditure, prepaid insurance and good will etc Amortization schedule is ascertain by the decision of management. Establishment This section deals with employees salary, much type of sexual expenses such as purchase of pen, paper equipment, machinery and payment of labor live and employee conveyance. In cause of leave of absence employee collects prescribed from this section. LOANS AND ADVANCES DEPARTMENT IntroductionBanking is essentially a business dealing organization with money and credit like all other business activates. Banks are profit-oriented organization. A bank invites its find many ways to earn more and more profit and most of its income is derived from lends and ascents. Bank makes adds and communicates to traders, Businesspersons, industrialists and many other persons against security of some cautions policy and sou nd lending principle in the matter of lending. EXIM Bank is a lending bank in bestows and advances and it grant loans in various sectors especially in industry, trade and commerce. Types of loans and advances There may be different types of loans and advance given from the commercial banks such as EXIM Bank Ltd. Of our country.Loans and advances may be in the following types 1. Cash credit 2. Overdraft 3. House Building loan (General and Staff) 4. Transportation (Car) loan (only for senior staff) 5. Consumer credit Scheme 6. Loan against import Merchandise (LIM) 7. Loan Bills purchases Documentary (LBPD) 8. Loan against Other Securities (LAOS) 9. Term Loan Brief Idea about the different types of loans and advance Cash opinion (CC) Cash credit is an arrangement by which the customer is allowed to borrow May up to a creation limit. This permanent arrangement and the customers need not to draw the advocateed amount of money at a time. The borrower can draw the money when required.Th e borrower can put back any surplus, amount, which he/she may he affect frequently. Intersect is charged only to the amount with drawn and not he whore amount sanctioned cash credit arrangement is usually divide into two ways such as 1. Cash credit salute 2. Cash credit hypothecation Cash Credit Pledge In case of cash credit pledge possession of the goods dealings to bank and ownership of the of the goods belongs to borrower and bank the possessions of the goods as primary security. The goods storied in go down under lock and recognise by direct supervision of the bank. If the borrower wants to sell any potion of the pledged goods he/she permission of bank with returning the value of the loan amount.It is therefore regarded as the most secured type of advance. Cash Credit hypothecation In case of cash Credit hypothecation possession of the goods not transferred to the bank and therefore such and advance is no better than a clean loan, such an advance can thus only be granted to a person in whose integrity the barked has full confidence cash credit in the form of Hypothecation is normally accompanied with mortgagee of immovable properties. The pray/ borrower possesses the lock and signalise of the down. The formalness of opening cash Credit There intending cash credit holder should submit the following documents and being fill up properly 1. Stock repot, rend receipt 2. Trade license 3.Up to date income evaluate clearings certificate 4. Charge documents 5. Letter of Continuity 6. Letter of arrangement 7. DP (Demand Promissory) note 8. Letter of guarantee 9. Letter lien 10. Limit sanction advice 11. Non-Encumbrance Certificate Observing the documents the bank authority prepares a cc proposal from that contains the following information 1. spirit of business 2. Banking with EXIM 3. Transition with CD account by the client 4. Allied deposit with SB/STD account. 5. Number of qualifying (s) how many times the CC holder made his/her Account zip that means deb it balance equal to credit balance. 6. Recycling it is ration of total credit summation to the limit.If the ratio is Higher it is better from bankers spirit levels of view. 7. trance over in the account 8. By the encasement authority the bank holds the power to encase the FDR the encasement authority at any time in case borrowers failure to repay the loan amount with interest in due time. Based in the above-mentioned information the dealing officer of the loans and advances department prepares recommendation about the prospect of granting the CC loan to the client. Overdraft Overdraft is an arrangement between the banker and the customer by which the letter is allowed to withdraw over his/her credit balance in the current account up to an hold limit.The borrower is permitted for draw and repays any number of times, provided he total amount overdrawn point not exceeds the agreed limit. Here the interest is charged only for the amount withdrawn over the limit. Not for the whole am ount. Overdraft is divided into tow categories Secured overdraft (SOD) brief overdraft (TOD) Secured overdraft It is allowed against the full security (i. e. FDR, ICB unit Certificates). Temporary Overdraft It is allowed to the customer for a very short period of time. But EXIM bank deals only secured overdraft. Car Loans This is a special type of loan, which is only provided for the staff of EXIM Bank.Usually AVP and above level officers get this kind facility. This loan is reimbursed on instrument tooshie and repayable aft(prenominal) each month. House Building loan (General and Staff) General house build loan is providing into two sectors Generally Staff Naturally house twist loan is paid for the construction of commercial building, and owners etc, procedures for sanctioning house- building loan as follows- Application for sectioning loan Application properly filled up for credit facilities supplied by the bank. Personal net worth statement each director Enquiry form Required papers for sanctioning HB loan Copy of general power of attorney Copy of veridical certificate Copy of engineers estimate Copy of bemuseed cash pay heed Loan (General) In case of loan the banks sanction some of money for a certain period of time. The enter amount is one time disbursement and paid in cash or credit loan A/C. The interest is charged on full sanctioned amount 16%. The bank generally sanctions loan to establish industry. These types of loan are granted for capital expenditure such as purchase of land, meanness of factory building, purchase of new machinery and modernization of plant. The borrower cannot withdraw this type of loan once repaid in full or in part again. Formalities for extending project loan Loan application formAfter receiving the loan application from the borrower the branch scrutinizes the application whether it is viable or not. Loan application from contains the following particulars amongst other detail below Particular description of the Project. Nature of the Project Detail information about the borrower Statements of assets and liabilities of the borrower with declaration Detail information about proposed products, machinates and manpower etc Project cost and source of fund. Market for the proposed project. feasibleness report This report is provided by the borrower, which includes the following aspects of the project Marketing aspect Technical aspect financial aspect Managing aspect Socio-economic aspect 1) variety Procedure 1.Categories of Loans- At first all loans and advances will be assort into four categories for the purpose of classification, such as- (a) Continuous Loans (b) Demand Loans (c) Fixed Term Loans and (d) Short Term and Agriculture & Micro Credit. (a) Continuous Loans The loan A/C in which transaction may be made deep down a certain limit and have an exit date for full adjustment will be treated as continuous loan. Exp CC, OD etc. (b) Demand Loans The loan that becomes repa yable by the party on demand by his bank will be treated as demand loans. If any contingent or any other liabilities are turned into forced loan will also be treated as demand loan. Exp. LIM, PAD, FBP, IBP etc. (c) Fixed Term Loans The loan which is repayable with in the specific time period under a peaceful repayment schedule will be treated as Fixed Term Loans. d) Short Term Agriculture & Micro Credit Short Term Agricultural Credit will be as per list issued by Agricultural Credit and Specialized Programmers Department (ACSPD) of Bangladesh Bank under the Agricultural Credit Programmed. Credit in the Agricultural sector repayable indoors 1(one) year will also be included herein. Short Term Micro Credit includes any micro credit not exceeding TK. 25,000. 00 and repayable within 12 months. 2) Basis for Loan miscellany (A) Objective Criteria (1) Past due/ over due In this point we saw four factors those are a) Any continuous loan if not repaid / renewed within the fixed expiry dat e for repayment be treated as past due/ overdue from the following day of the expiry date. ny demands loan if not repaid/ rescheduled within the fixed expiry date will be treated as past due/ overdue from the following day of the expiry date. b) In case any installation of a fixed term loan (repayable within fives) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of outstanding installment will be treated as past due/ overdue (defaulted instilment) from the following day of the expiry date of the particular installment. c) Incase of any installment or part installment of a Fixed Term Loan (repayable over five years) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of unpaid installment will be treated as past due/ overdue after 6(six) months of the expiry date of that particular installment. ) The Short Term Agriculture & Micro Credit if not repaid within the fixed expiry date for repayment will be considered as past due/ over due (defaulted instilment) after 6(six) mo nth of the expiry date. (B) Qualitative belief If any uncertainty or doubt arises in respect of recuperation of any continuous, Demand or Term Loans the same will have to be classified as Sub- Standard or Doubtful or Bad/ Loss. Considering the merit of the A/C on the basis of qualitative judgment be it classified or not on the basis of objective criteria. The Bank will classify on the basis of qualitative judgment and can be- classify loans if qualitative improvement does occur.But if a loan classified by Bangladesh Bank inspection Team, the same can be de- classified with the approval of the Board of Directors of the Banks. CIB Report Before making credit report to the head office the lending branch takes the credit information to the borrower from the CIB (credit Information Bureau) of Bangladesh Bank and other financial institutions. For obtaining this report the branch sends enquiry form to CIB duly filled in particulars of the borrower. The report id divided into 5 segments. Project appraisal It is the reinvestment analysis done by Banker before a project is approved. Project appraisal in the Banking sector is needed for following reasons To ensue repayment of the Bank finance To achieve the organizational goals To establish industrialists in a country. The main tasks of the project appraisal is to justify the soundness of an investment by the Banker by means of a capital and systematic of the different elements of the Project For this purpose Banks use two types of analysis Lending pretend Analysis (LRA) Spread Sheet Analysis (SSA) Lending risk analysis Lending risk analysis is modern methodologies, which describes how to access the risks that are infixed any credit extension and how to access the likelihood that the customer will repay a loan. The LRA form contains 16 pages to analysis different categories of Risks.The Financial Sector Reform project introduces the lending Risk analysis format in 1993. LRA is a standardize format for analyzing the credit worthiness of a borrower and the likelihood that the borrow will repay. Bangladesh bank issued a letter number BCD (p) 611/13/290 dated 17-07-1994, which now makes it mandatory for the commercial Banks to implement the LRA come out to credit analysis prior to extending credit facilities to a Borrower. The modern concept of lending is purpose and production oriented and not security oriented. The emphasis should be given not any security rather on he likelihood of repayment, the credit worthiness of the customer soundness and viability of the business etc. Lending PrinciplesThe Principle of lending is a collection of certain accepted time tested standards, which ensure the proper use of investing fund in a profitable way and its timely recovery. disparate authors describe different principles for sound lending. 1. Safety 2. Security 3. Liquidity 4. adapted yield 5. Diversity Process of investiture Heads Characteristics Application Applicant applies for the Investment in the prescribed form of the bank describing the types and purpose of Investment. Sanction collect credit information about the applicant to determine the credit worthiness of the borrower. Sources of information Personal Investigation, Confidential Report from other bank, Head Office/Branch/Chamber of Commerce. CIB (Central Information Bureau) report from Central Bank. Evaluation of contour with its lending policy. Evaluating the proposed security. LRA is must for the Investment exceeding one crore as uniform by Bangladesh Bank. If everything is in accordance the Investment is sanctioned Documentation because bank prepare a Investment proposal which contains terms and conditions of Investment for approval of H. O. or Manager. Takes the necessary papers and signatures from borrower Disbursement An Investment Account is opened. Where customer A/CDr. Respective Investment A/C -Cr. FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT Introduction One of the largest businesses ca rried out by the commercial bank is foreign trading. The trade among various countries fills for close tie-in between the parties dealing in trade. The situation calls for expertise in the field of foreign exchange operations. The bank, which provides such operations refereed to as rending international Banking operation. Mainly trisections with overseas countries are respects of import, export and foreign remittal come under the preview of foreign exchange transaction, and international trade demands a flow of goods from seller to emptor of payment from buyer to seller.In this case the Bank plays a vital role to bridge between the buyer and seller. Foreign Exchange Mechanism in Flow Chart gross sales/Purchase guarantee Issues L/C Forward Forward documents Makes payment Makes payment Foreign Exchange department of EXIM Bank is department of all departments. This department handles various types of activates by three separate sections 1. Import Section 2. Export section 3. Forei gn Remittance. Import Section The functions are of the section is mainly to deal with various components such as Letter of Credit (L/C) Payment against Document (PAD) Payment against Trust Receipt (PTR) Loan against trade Merchandise (LIM) Letter of Credit (L/C) DefinitionA letter of credit can be defined as an arrangement where in a Bank Guarantee on behalf of these customers to make payments to the donee upon presentation of documents undertake in the credit. Parties involved in L/C Opener/ vendee/Importer The person who opens the L/C is known as opener/ buyer/importer of the L/C. The buyer and the seller conclude a sales contract providing for payment by docudrama credit. 0pening Bank The Bank subject the L/C in favor of exporter is known as opening Bank. The opening bank opens L/C on request of importer according to application of the importer. Advising Bank The Bank through L/C is advised their factor (correspondent Bank) abroad.The duty of the advising Bank is to aut henticate the message so that is to the seller can act on it without any fear of forgery etc. donee Seller and exporter in whose favor the L/C are opened. The beneficiary is normally the seller of good who receive payment under documentary credit. If has compiled with terms and conditions thereof. Negotiating Bank The Bank that is authorized to handle (purchase) the documents under the L/C in the exporting country is known as negotiating Bank. L/C will stipulate either a notified bank to carry on (restricted L/C) or any bank can negotiate in the sellers country (unrestricted L/C). Reimbursing Bank The Bank that is (by the L/C issuing Bank) to effect reimbursement is known as reimbursing bank.Reimbursing Bank authorized to honor the reimbursement claims in settlement of negotiation/ accepting/ payments lodged with its by the pay/ negotiating/ accepting Bank. Confirming Bank A Confirming Bank is one which adds the guarantee to the credit opened by another bank. Therese undertaking t he responsibleness of payment/ negotiating/ acceptance under the credit in addition to that of the issuing Bank. A confirming Bank normally does so it requested by the issuing Bank. Types of L/C Revocable/ irrevocable L/C Confirmed/ unconfirmed L/C. Transferable L/C Back to back L/C Acceptance L/C Revolving L/C Red clause L/C Green close L/C The EXIM Bank basically deals with irrevocable L/c. which can not be amended or cancelled by the issuing Bank at any moment and without prior to the beneficiary.It also deals back to back L/C, which is the letter of credit, provided by the exporter to the import the raw materials from abroad in order to produce the exportable commodity for the importer. Procedures for opening L/C Application for opening L/C An importer who is desirous to import goods from foreign country will apply Issuing Bank for opening a L/C. The importer will provide an application mentioning the following aspects 0 Full particulars of applications Bank account. 0 Types of business 0 Historical footing 0 Amount of required L/C limit 0 Amount of L/C margin. 0 Term of payment 0 Name of imported goods 0 Repayment schedule and source of fund Document schedule and source of fund.An importer or L/C opener has to submit the following documents 0 Application from (provided by the Bank) 0 Import registration certificate 0 Pro-forma invoice 0 Four sets of IMP from 0 Insurance cover not 0 VAT registration number 0 Tex registration number 0 Letter of credit authorization form Examination for opening L/C Application must be carefully checked by the concerned officer considering the facts mentioning below ? The terms and conditions of L/C applications are consistent with exchange control and import trade resolution UCPDC 500. ?Illegibility of imported goods ?The L/C must be opened in favor of importer ?That is signed by the importer and agreed with the terms and conditions. Indenting registration number ?Goods are not of Israel and vassals to be used are not of Israel ? Insurance cover note with date of shipment. ?Whether RC is up to date or not ?Whether IMP form is duly filled up and singed ?The imported goods are marketable After scrutinizing all thee legal aspects necessary entry is given to the margin register and charge, flush and margin in realized. Transmitting the L/C The L/C is transmitted to the advising Bank for advising the L/C to he beneficiary. L/C is generally transmitted through tested Telex of Fax. Before contagious disease of final examination of the L/C contents is