Laban Movement

Christine Dugan Sheila Buttermore LMA Research Project Inner vs. Outer Connetivity Laban movement analysis is the language of dance and is considered to be sacred geometry that uses five crystallized forms that calculate movement and offers equations through symbols to make sense of everyday movement . By using laban motifs/symbols in an equation, the end product is almost always a dance or a deliberate movement sequence. The ability to use the laban system has made me aware of how I both observe and understand dancing in every sense of the word and idea of movement as I study as a performing arts major at Raritan Valley.The concept of inner vs. outer connectivity is what intrigues me the most so far out of they many interesting facts and ideas taught and spoken about within this semester taking into account that we were exposed to was only the tip of a giant ice berg that is LMA and all that it offers. The simple concept of thinking about, and emotionally feeling a movement and wher e that movement is intended to go through space before actually moving it is something I feel that I have been knowingly over analyzing in all of my years of dancing both in and out of class. Learning about inner vs. uter connectivity brought an awareness and a validity to my understanding of dance along with developing my ability to put inner states into outer expressions. In order to portray a specific emotion or gesture through movement, one must consider their Spatial Intent. â€Å"Spatial Intent is a clarity and specificity of outer destination in movement that has the effect of promoting and organizing inner connectivity†(1) For example, to execute a movement with a heavy intent such as stomping your feet on the ground, thinking of a heavy mass or emotion will allow that stomping to be perceived as an undeniably heavy, weighed action.When dancers have not been introduced to laban’s inner and outer connectivity concept, they are only achieving the technical aspect of the movements that they are taught, failing to connect with the inner dynamics that bring life and intent to performance. An example of how simply this can be taught to even the youngest of dancers would be to have them imagine that they are holding a beach ball in their arms, giving them a mental visualization of the correct placement of where their arms should be.By using laban’s method, this will eventually become an intrinsic component of their movements thereby developing muscle memory and natural inner and outer connectivity. Within one of the books that assisted me throughout my research, â€Å"Body Movement: Coping With The Environment† it states, â€Å" When, however, a specific spatial intent is added, such as a gathering movement of embracing or a scattering movement of repelling particular objects, a new tension is created between the object and the initiation of the movement in the body, and a particular, rather than a general, spatial shape is produc ed as the movement proceeds. (2) This book was a collaboration of Irmgard Bartenieff, the man who created the basic six exercise’s and the BF principals taught in LMA and Dori Lewis from the 19th century. This along with several other quotes and passages once again validated my original thoughts on the simplicity and efficiency of these methods for teaching and ways of thinking of movement. Aside from form and spatial points as well as technique being what makes dance, emotion comes first in order to authenticate and embody what that dance really means to you.Without emotion and purpose behind a dance, there is no inner connectivity to transcend out onto those watching you move. It is not hard to tell the difference between watching a dancer who is committed and invested in the movements they are making from head to toe and seeing the purposeful look in their eyes as they follow the direction they are moving, compared to a dancer who seems to appear somewhat jumbled up in the ir movement, displaying lack of directional intent and body connectivity with a blank look on their face and without emotion in their eyes.Audiences universally go to see performances with the intention of having an emotional experience whether it be happy, sad, funny, ect. It is up to the performers to fulfill those expectations. It is through the skill and inner and outer connectivity of the performers that these expectations can be met. It is with the knowledge that I have gained through learning about Laban’s theories and concepts that will allow me to have a new level of awareness and sense of connection.I will apply what I have learned with a conscious effort to implement my body connectivity both inner and outer as well as how I portray my movements as I go forward in dance. Studying Laban theories and concepts has given me a deeper appreciation of both performance and everyday movement. I look forward to continuing my understanding of this amazing language of dance th at was created by Rudolph Laban, who made an intangible art from, tangible.

How Aztec Culture Survived Essay

Aztec refers to Nahuatl speaking people from the central region of Mexico. There are other groups who are related to this community; they include the Acolhua and the Tepanic. This essay analyses the history of the Aztec people, their culture and how they survived the Spaniard conquest. The Aztecs were located in the south central region of Mexico. They lived in Mesoamerica highlands in the area of basins which are separated by dissected mountain ranges and eroded volcanic peaks. The Aztecs originated from the remote north at around the early 13th century. They were moving around the valley of Mexico in their struggle of survival. Their experiences went to the extent of Aztecs being enslaved by another tribe. They stopped their migratory pattern in 1325 when they settled on the south west of Lake Texaco. This was after they saw an eagle sitting on a pricking pear stem. To the community, this was an omen which announced the location where they should settle and make their city (Msdu. du, 2010, Par 1-4). In part of their culture, the Aztecs maintained their activities of fishing, hunting, garden techniques, and gathering. The rivers in the valley were rich in fish, shrimp, insects, tadpoles, and pasta. There were those who settled near the ocean and they ate crabs, fish, turtles, and fish. This means that water was the main source of their livelihoods. They hunted animals such a rabbits, armadillos, snakes, pumas, coyotes, and deer. In addition, they hunted the wild turkey. The community gathered crops such as cocoa, bananas, pumpkins, squash, beans, tobacco, chili, onions, green tomatoes, red tomatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and vanilla. Later, they began warring with other tribes and they conquered them. The Aztecs allowed the tribes that they conquered to maintain their government and religion but the tribes were supposed to provide the Aztecs with textiles, food, pottery, and other items that they required (Native Web, 1995, Par 2-4). The Aztec people spoke Nahauatl Language but did not have a written language. They however had no written records. Instead, they used varieties of hieroglyphic paintings and the methods of direct representation as ways of keeping their records. The first contact of the Aztec empire with the Spanish conquest was during the reign of Ahuitzotl from 1486 to1502. The Spaniards and their allies became very dangerous to the people of Aztec. Hostilities developed, leading to the massacre of the Aztec main temple and the death of their leader, Montezuma II. On July 1, the Spaniards fled the town, leading to an episode which they referred to as The Sad Night. The Aztec society was helped by the native allies to fight the Spaniards and in August 13, the battle ended. They conquered but due to the poor leadership that prevailed, the falling of the empire was witnessed. Despite the empire’s declination, their culture still remained intact. This led to positive development of the Aztec culture because the Spaniard presence did not affect their way of life. Today, many traditional groups of Mexican Americans can trace their origin from the time of Aztec tradition. They are well known today for human sacrifices. During the special events, a slave was sacrificed to honor the gods and to regulate the human existence (Anguilar-Moreno 131). In conclusion, I found out that Nahuatl language which is the traditional language for the Aztec is being spoken by 1. 5 million people. In Mexico City, most of the buildings and streets have Nahuatl names. This means that the Aztec old days are still respected up to now.

In this paper, I argue that our government ought not redistribute Essay

In this paper, I argue that our government ought not redistribute wealth - Essay Example Governments will normally utilize two types of methods to redistribute wealth. These are the use of vouchers, for instance, food stamps, and the use of subsidies (Hochschild 13). These programs that aim at transfering payment can be funded through such initiatives such as general taxation, which has a disproportionate benefit for those in poverty and others who are expected to pay fewer taxes. Persons who benefit from these programs sometimes prefer to be given money directly, although, some more palatable forms of redistribution may be put, in place, to control the expenditure from these funds. In this paper, I intend to use Nozick’s argument to argue that the governmnent ought not to redistribute wealth. In his article, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Robert Nozick builds his argument against John Rawl’s argument in his article A Theory of Justice, going on to reject what he refers to as liberal egalitarianism and instead plumping for pure libertarianism. He derives his i deas from the ideology of Lockean that places emphasis on one’s natural rights to property, liberty, and life (Nozick 45). There is now logical manner in which these rights are liable to revocation. In this sense, any constraints or violations on the individual’s rights and liberty are immoral, especially if done without consent. Only those acts that come about through voluntary means by every party involved without infringing on the natural rights of other parties are just. In addition, those governments that aid poor citizens in wealth redistribution from those who are wealthier do so via unjust means. Indeed, these governments are upsetting the very course of action they are attempting to put in place. Wealth redistribution by the government is not a voluntary process and, as such, is not just and, therefore, must not be allowed (Nozick 50). Nozick’s ideas on libertarianism are reflective of the idea that human beings, as rational beings, should practice self -ownership. Borrowing from Immanuel Kant’s work from his article Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Nozick presents one imperative that makes necessary the idea that individuals should respect their rational nature and that of the other people. Using man as a way of satisfying the desires of other people, as well as those of oneself, is a violation of the rational nature present in humans (Nozick 71). This nature gives an individual inherent dignity, which could undergo forfeiture if this person’s only use is as a means to an end. Rational beings are able to enjoy self-ownership inclusive of their labor, abilities, abilities, talents, and body, as well as that existing as a direct result of their labor, abilities, and talents. Wealth results from the labor of an individual in accordance to the thesis of self-ownership with a person entitled to wealth for which they have labored. Wealth redistribution causes people to renounce whatever rights they held over their wealth (Nozick 72). Nozick’s entitlement theory, more specifically, argues against wealth redistribution by the government. It establishes that a person can legitimately attain ownership of property through three ways that are just. These are legitimate holdings transferred legitimately and through voluntary consent, acquiring holdings that had previous ownership, as

Gerontological Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gerontological Case Study - Essay Example Dis-engagements make them withdrawn from their social environment. This withdrawal may be by choice or forced. If it is forced individual feels hopeless about future may develop depressive pathology. Health-Perception & Health Management: 66 years old retired male contacted to the psychiatrist as an outpatient. Since last six months he was feeling unwell. His chief complaints were- feeling of sadness most of the time, palpitation, loss of appetite, unable to enjoy pleasurable activities, lack of sleep, depressed mood persist about half of the time, decreased will to share/ interact with almost every time. Before consultation to psychiatric OPD (Out patient Door) the client has contacted physician and other specialists' viz., cardiologists, neurologists etc. He also has gone through different medical examination but except arthritis he has not having any organic dysfunction. When he became fade up with medications, he asked to his consultant doctor about his illness, the doctor advised/ suggested him to contact a psychiatrist and psychologist both for the betterment of his mental health. He admitted that his problem is more mental than physical, but due to social stigma initially he avoided to contact a mental health professional. The client was puzzled about his illness as his problem was affecting his daily routine activities badly. He as well as the informant (his wife) was complaining that he is slowed up in his daily activities, can't be able to concentrate in most of his activities. He was feeling that life is not worth living. He was taking an antidepressant, but was unable to manage and follow the routine activities to maintain his health. No current history of alcohol use but use to enjoy beetle nut with tobacco. Nutritional Metabolic Pattern: As described earlier that due to loss of appetite, his diet was poor. He used to take less diet, as he doesn't have the feeling of hunger. Since last six months gradually his diet deteriorated and very often he skip his meal. Elimination Pattern: Initially he didn't complain any of the bowel/ bladder change. But in the second session he came with complain that he feels frequent urination as compare his early age. Due to this frequent urination he has to get up many times in night that obviously disturbs his sleep and make him worried about his health status. Till now he was not having any history of use of any devices/ aid for bladder pattern. Activity / Exercise Pattern: As the patient was already complaining that he is overwhelmed with his routine activities, he was not able to correspond actively with his day-to-day activities. His wife said that even for brushing/ bathing she has to take some strict actions Otherwise he use to laid down on the bed saying "I'll do' Please leave me alone." Sometimes forcefully he use to do his exercises like: walking and deep breathing but not regularly. Sleep/ Rest Pattern: His sleep pattern is also disturbed in comparison to normal days. Presently the patient actual need for sleep is decreased, and having disturbed sleep. When he was at work (before retirement) he was having a sound sleep. Although most of the time he feels to be on bed but complaining that he cannot sleep properly. His sleep is not refreshing enough. For his sleep initially he tried some relaxation exercise

The complexities involved in the Sentencing Phase Research Paper

The complexities involved in the Sentencing Phase - Research Paper Example The Moral Dilemma a. Secularism vs. Religious Belief b. Violent & Non-violent Offences c. Love Research Paper: Abstract The teachings of Jesus Christ on non-violence, love for one’s neighbor, and forgiveness of sins pose a moral dilemma particularly for judges who are required to pass sentence on criminals convicted of crimes, as society may demand legal punishment for criminal offences but the Bible counsels one to forgive those who trespass against moral standards. Research Paper: There is a general misconception popularly that Christians are associated with deeply conservative political values and support public policies such as â€Å"tough on crime† campaigns, tougher sentencing laws for criminals, and even foreign wars in American politics. It is difficult in many ways to understand how Christians became associated with these political ideas because practically they would seem to conflict directly with the teachings of the Sermon on the Mount where Jesus counseled the practice of non-violence, love, and forgiveness to all his disciples. In considering what it means to be Christian, there are undoubtedly as many varieties of faith as there are individuals, for God and faith are very personal. From the Bible, it can be understood that to be â€Å"Christian† is to be an actual disciple of the living Christ, who taught as it is recorded in the New Testament and whose teachings have been preserved for over 2000 years by the Church. Despite apparent differences between the various sects such as Catholic, Protestant, and so forth, all Christians can be said to be direct disciples of the living Christ, even in today’s modern world, because Jesus is timeless and ever-present as God’s love. Yet, one must recognize a difference between Christianity as a creed and being a disciple of the living Christ, for Jesus counseled to his followers to leave everything in this world and follow him. The criminal justice system today is surely no different than the Roman court of justice that sentenced Jesus to the cross, sadly as it may be, and despite the Bible being used in the courtroom to swear witnesses to truth, it cannot be said that the truth is actually being practiced there. For example, it is well established that there is a different tone and content to the New Testament that is not heard in the Old Testament prophets, and this comes from the voice of Jesus preaching the power of love. For Jesus, love and God are identical. If one practices love, or feels love naturally for a person, animal, or other being, then the first and foremost feeling that is experienced is the wish never to harm that being. In daily life, people can clearly identify their feelings of love because they would always wish the best for those people that they love and want to protect them. Thus, when one feels so much love for another person that they would do anything for them, even give their life to save them, then that is approaching th e love that Jesus speaks of as Agape in the Bible. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi were both inspired by Jesus’ teachings on Agape to build their entire philosophy of non-violence on this basis. In doing so, they are following directly in the footsteps of Jesus, because Christ as a prophet Himself based his ministry on Agape and the power of forgiveness. The legal justice system is also known as the criminal-industrial complex, a term that relates to President Eisenhower’s farewell address which warned of the dangers of militarism

MKTG 4050 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

MKTG 4050 - Essay Example ing of Research and Development for Dell’s offerings keeps development cost while still ensuring innovation and high technologically advanced product offering. There are also various products to choose from Dell because of its product expansion strategy that can compete with other leading brands such as HP and IBM. Furthermore, the fast delivery of service and after sales service can be done through online with Dell. The value proposition for Dell is effective for a certain market segment that is after of the idea of both quality and product cost. Dell’s strategy is a low-cost strategy and a portion of focus differentiation considering that it tries to create big consideration on Research and Development for both product and cost. Dell essentially believes that it cannot totally pass on the production cost to its customers so the best way to do is to create better management on its Supply Chain Management system. What Dell tries to emphasize is that a low-cost product offering may not necessarily mean low quality at all, but at some point, there has to be something given up or adjusted in the entire supply chain management system. Dell could not compromise quality and cost together so the best way it does is to outsource its Research and Development. In the end, what makes Dell a personal choice of brand is its ability to maintain affordability without compromising the quality of its product

Science Activities in the Kindergarten Term Paper

Science Activities in the Kindergarten - Term Paper Example Science Activities in the Kindergarten Parents and teachers must ensure that they adequately expose children to the basic realities of life, with an educative approach; appropriate to their age group. Teachers play one of the most influential roles during ‘early childhood’ since they spend anywhere between four to eight hours a day with their students during their formative years. This makes it imperative for teachers to develop and inculcate the qualities of listening, understanding, respecting and empathizing, so that they may improve on their relationships with students. ‘Counseling skills’ form an integral part of training programs that are specially designed for teachers and have been found to have a long – term impact on the social learning and psychological wellbeing of the students (Hutchins & Vaught, 1997). As a newly appointed pre – school teacher at an international school, I would be expecting a dynamic, diverse, multi – cultural classroom environment. The age gro up of the children in my class would be in the category of three to five year olds. Some of the children’s families would hail from white backgrounds while a majority would come from families that are of diverse origins such as Asians, Africans, Arabs, Native Americans, etc. Some may be well versed with the American way of life, language of English as well as the customs. Cultural attributes may vary between individualist and collectivist tendencies. Communication is believed to be dependent on two factors: ‘the speaker’ (usually the teacher) and ‘an active addressee’ (the pupil), both of whom need to actively participate and differentiate as per the social and cultural environment (Poimenidou and Christidou, 2010). Culture is believed to influence participation, acquisition, transmission and invention. However, the children and their families who hail from diverse backgrounds may not be very conversant in English, may be of a different cultural mind set and may require time and assistance in adapting to the new environment. The one ‘diverse background’ that I would like to focus on is the ‘Asian community’. The Asian community has always intrigued me due to its tremendous sub classification and branches within itself. The most amazing fact is that, within the Asian community, cultures are so varied and different from each other. ‘Asians’ include people from China, India, Pakistan, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore (to name a few). Chinese, Koreans and Japanese individuals characteristically possess physical characteristics such as distinctly slanted eyes and a rather small build. In general, Indians, Pakistanis and those from Singapore and Malaysia have a darker skin tone than their Chinese or Japanese counterparts. Historically, India and Pakistan were under the British rule until the year of independence and partition respectively.   China  is one of the world's oldest  c ivilizations, ruled by various dynasties at different time periods, culminating in the Chinese Civil War and proclamation of the People’s Republic of China. Japan evolved from the Meiji period and was occupied by the United States up to the year 1952, following which it attained significant economic growth. Singapore was conquered by the Japanese during the World War II; however, followed by British rule and was finally declared an independent republic in the year 1965. Traditionally, these communities were rather conservative in their approach and hierarchical in structure, wherein males and senior individuals

Proposal about an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Proposal about an - Article Example However, organization culture of the two firms proves to be incompatible and will likely yield the greatest conflict of interest. It has been an issue of pubic debate in respect of Burger king takeover of Tim Hortons in Canada for various reasons. The article explores the cost cutting strategies of Burger King which is possible in the United States. It is therefore portrayed as having a possibility of carrying this culture into Canada after merger with immediate layoffs which will result into unemployment and reflect on retrogressive economic consequences. The culture of Burger King is clearly conflicting the Canadian overwhelming spirit of team work and favorable social welfare of the employees as practiced by Tim Hortons. Burger king is known for gambling with diverse brands which is likely to conflict with Canadian based Tim Horton with a strong brand identity. It is therefore critical to note that the author of this article addresses reality of merging or firms in respect of cultural

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

What is Art The Art of Jackson Pollock - Essay Example This statement can be limited to just the expression of an emotion about something of interest to the author, or it can be the expression of a specific social topic that someone feels is important. A good example of art is the cave paintings that primitive man made (Getlein 5). The reason this is art to me is because someone is capturing the event of hunting as they saw it. They are recording something about their everyday life and it is on the cave for anyone to see. These paintings have been seen by many different people over many years. In one sense, this art has lasted through time. Stonehenge (Getlein 6) is also a fascinating aspect of art because it is similar to architecture . It is much like the Pyramids because people are wondering how these were built and why. Stonehenge makes people think and wonder about who put these stones together and why. This is another essential part of art in my opinion: It must make people think and wonder why the artist created this piece. I thin k that art must make people feel something, even if it is something small. In the example of the cave paintings, I wonder why these hunters thought it was important to make the drawings. Were they bragging about the hunt that day? Were they counting their hunts? Only they would know. Stonehenge makes me wonder about why these stones were dragged to this particular spot and arranged in the way they are arranged. It is interesting to me that the book said that this was a graveyard and that it marked about 240 graves (Getlein 6); this is much like our cemeteries today. Many people go to our graveyards and do etchings of the older gravestones because they consider it art. When I pick art myself, I look for symmetry and the way it feels to me. Some pieces of art speak to me differently than others. As an example, I may pick a piece of art for my wall that has vibrant colors that are symmetrically placed in a abstract form. I also have picked pieces because they look interesting or becaus e the scene describes something that is interesting to me. I cannot say that I like the kind of art that the Masters created. I am not sure why, but I think it is because it is usually of some scene, people or subjects that I find uninteresting. I can say that I like some of Picasso’s work because it was very strange and it does make a person wonder why he did what he did. Was the fractured way that he looked at this the way that he saw the world? I do believe that anything can be art. The unfortunate issue is that there are art critics who decide what art is and what art is not. I think that everyone becomes an art critic when they look at a piece of art and they do not need others to define what art is for them. In other words, there are so many different ways that art can be interpreted, that it seems a shame that art critics are allowed to define art. I enjoy looking at art and I hope that this class will bring me more knowledge about what I am looking at on a deeper leve l than I have seen in the past. Essay 2: Discuss Two-Dimensional Media. Give example of artist, media and a piece that appeals to you. The book describes two-dimensional art as something very simple and easy to read. The media can be anything from drawing with pencil and ink on paper to creating images on clay or the cave wall. The book mentions many media that include graphite, metalpoint, charcoal, pastels and more. I have seen many artists pencil drawing (graphite) which creates an interesting effect when the artist uses shading and contrast in their drawing. I think metalpoint provides a beautiful array of interesting and eye-catching symmetrical shapes. I can understand why most people do not use this method

Professional developement plan nursing career 5 yrs from now Essay

Professional developement plan nursing career 5 yrs from now - Essay Example I am also a person who likes to be hands on. I don’t like paperwork or deskwork because I get bored easily. I prefer to be very active and to have regular direct contact with the patients. This is why I have studied nursing, to have a challenging and very busy job. I would not be happy working in administration or a supervisor role which took me away from the patients and put me in front of a computer. I worked in a free standing surgical centre for the last ten years. I think this might be a barrier to my long term goals in terms of job opportunities because I have been out of hospital nursing. I am doing the BSN and will do a Masters to try to overcome this barrier but I am worried that being out of hospital nursing for ten years might create problems for me in the future as my main career aim is to work as a nurse practitioner in a clinic. I hope that my Masters will help me achieve this. The role of a baccalaureate prepared nurse is as a giver of care both directly and indirectly. The nurse therefore becomes a patient advocate and educator. This style of nursing allows me to develop my holistic philosophy. As a baccalaureate nurse I will also have the skills to coordinate and manage care. I will therefore have the ability to delegate to others and assess their work. I hope this will compensate for my lack of a formal education in management. I will work as part of a team and my preparation means that I can enter the work place at a supervisory level. I am also committed to lifelong learning which is why I intend to take a Masters qualification. A baccalaureate nurse will also have basic computer skills and the ability to apply patient care technologies such as monitors, data gathering devices and other technical equipment. Computers are very important in the future of nursing because they improve efficiency and reduce costs. This is the part of the course which I will struggle with the most as I have limited computer knowledge and

Gender Stereotyping In The Media Essay Example for Free

Gender Stereotyping In The Media Essay It has been strongly evident that the media has played a large role in gender stereotyping for decades. Since the very beginning of film, movies and television shows have depicted men and especially women as lower or lesser beings. This â€Å"tradition† of sexism has of course, decreased since the 50’s but still lingers on in many of today’s television programs. In the early 50’s, with television shows such as â€Å"I Dream of Jeanie† and â€Å"I Love Lucy, women were portrayed quite openly as being the server to their husbands, the men. They were considered to be lower than men or in other words of less importance. Many of the shows from this era showed a substantial amount of gender stereotyping. For example, the women were to do what they were told, they were the only ones who cooked and cleaned, and they were the primary caregiver for the children. Of course, things have changed since the 50’s. Women have proven to be powerful and just as competent as men, thus, making it harder for television shows to portray them as lesser individuals. However, although the gender stereotyping has decreased, it is certainly still evident in the media. There are several television shows being broadcasted today that do, in fact, show some form of gender stereotyping, particularly towards women. However, it is less out in the open and blunt than it use to be in the early 50’s and 60’s. One must read between the lines and pay attention to notice the stereotypic behavior being portrayed. While this behavior may be subtle, it does, in fact still exist. There is a very well known show on MTV known as â€Å"The Real World,† which comes on every Wednesday. It is a reality based show which places seven strangers into one house for several weeks where they are to live together for the duration of the program. As many of us know, reality shows are not what they appear to be. The directors and producers of such shows have the ability to crop and edit which specific clips of the film that they want to be premiered. Inevitably, they are able to portray the individuals on their show in any way that they want. For example, they may choose to only show clips of certain individuals where they are crying, fighting, or as â€Å"The Real World† often does, being promiscuous. This is a vital key in how this show can stereotype a specific gender. In episode three of the new and current season of â€Å"The Real World,† it can be concluded that women are overall depicted as foolish, whiney, selfish, rude, childish, and promiscuous. The men of the serious, however, are showed in a softer, lighter side. They are portrayed as caring individuals who would rather stay away from most of the women and stray from any drama or arguments going on inside of the house. In one segment of the show, two of the women of the house are running around the house screaming and yelling, playing a game which appears to be cowboys and Indians. The next scene shows the men of the house calmly sitting outside having adult conversations. This is clearly in effort to make the females look childish. In another segment of the show, the women are basically all fighting with one another while the men sit quietly in the background. One of the females sarcastically asks another cast member if it is fun living with a bunch of girls. The other cast member quickly responds with a no. It should be understood that not everything that the women in the house on this show have done have been childish or in anyway degrading. It is impossible to fit everything that has been recorded of these people when producing the show. So, everything that viewers are allowed to see has been carefully selected for various reasons such as higher ratings. The more dramatic events that happen, the more likely it will be for the show to attract audiences. However, why is it that there are no dramatic sequences shown where the men are degrading themselves? In conclusion, gender stereotyping in the media, although lessened since the 50’s, does still exist on television programs today. Whether women are portrayed as inferior to men or simply more ignorant or immature, the fact is that gender stereotyping is an all too sad reality in the world that we live in today. Perhaps one day we can come to an understanding that all men AND women and created equally. Works Cited www. mtv. com www. realworld. com www. people. unt. edu/jw0109/misc/stereotype. htm

Manchester United SWOT Analysis

Manchester United SWOT Analysis It has been argued that Manchester United is one of the best football clubs in the world, who has more than a hundred years history and lots of funs all over the world. According to Benson (2008), since Manchester United was founded in 1878, it has won many final of league champions in the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League. Same as other successful organization, the Manchester United has a good manage team, effective operation and a very strong financial support. Manchester United is not a Plc. Since it was bought by the Glazer family, it is now a private limited company and became the Manchester United Ltd. This report is going to analysis Manchester United Ltd by applying SWOT and PEST analysis. SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Manchester United has the strongest and most valuable brand of any football club, and arguably non national sports club, in the world (Brand Finance, 2009, p. 19). This allows the company to generate massive revenues from commercial sponsorship deals and the sale of merchandise around the world. This brand strength is reflected in the clubs estimated 330 million fans worldwide, which represents around 5% of the worlds population. The level of loyalty engendered by most football clubs implies that this level of support is unlikely to fade in the short term, with only a prolonged period of underperformance on the field causing Manchester Uniteds brand strength to decline. The companys other main strengths are its strong squad playing squad and large stadium. The playing squad has won the Premier League trophy three years in a row, won the 2008 Champions League, and as of the 16th March 2010 is at the top of the Premier League and in the Champions League quarter finals in spite of losing arguably its best player in Cristiano Ronaldo. This shows the strength of the squad and its ability to move forward and continue to bring success and attract revenue (Samuel, 2010). The clubs stadium, Old Trafford, is the largest club stadium in the country, with a capacity of almost 76,000, allowing the club to generate significant match day revenues from ticket sales and refreshments (Premier League, 2009, p. 27). (W)eaknesses The clubs main weakness is its high level of debt. The club has two main sources of debt:  £507 million of bonds at interest rates of around 9%, incurring interest costs of around  £45 million per year, and  £202 of payment in kind loans, with interest rates of 14.25%, which compound onto the capital value of the loans each year (Ducker and Power, 2010). The  £45 million interest payments on the bonds represent almost 50% of the clubs  £91 million cash profit (BBC Sport, 2010), giving an interest cover ratio of just over 2, which indicates the clubs debts are taking up a significant amount of its profits. Indeed, much of the clubs strengths are arguably being countered by this weakness. In addition to this, Manchester Uniteds status as a football club creates a large potential for its revenue to fluctuate sharply based on its on-pitch performances. For example, in the 2008-09 season Manchester United earned 37.8 million Euros from its participation in the Champions League, when it reached the final (euFootball.biz, 2009). If the club fails to match this achievement in future seasons, its revenues will fall. Due to the difficulties in progressing this far in such a major competition, it becomes difficult for the company to project revenues in the future, potentially causing liquidity problems. (O)pportunities The main future opportunity for the club is its ability to obtain greater revenue from its global fan base. The club currently has 330 million fans, and revenue of 327 million Euros per annum, most of which is probably generated within the UK and Europe, from match day and broadcasting revenues (Deloitte, 2010). If the company can obtain just one extra Euro per fan per year, then it could double its revenues and massively increase its profits. The high level of unexploited fans also allows the club to develop its commercial revenue streams, such as sponsorships and partnerships. A recent example of this was the partnership deal signed with Telekom Malysia (Hashim, 2010). If this deal could be replicated in other attractive markets, Manchester United could see another major growth in revenue. (T)hreats There are two main threats to Manchester United. The first is that the interest rates on the payment in kind loans are high and can rise further in the future. This could cause the company to incur significantly higher debt levels in future. Indeed, if the company fails to pay off any of these loans, then by their maturity date they will be valued at over half a billion pounds, effectively doubling the companys total level of debt (Ducker and Power, 2010). This threat is also strongly linked to fan protests against the current owners and the level of debt (BBC, 2010). Whilst these protests have not yet had a notable impact on the clubs financial situation, if the level of debt becomes a greater burden they may lead to fan boycotts, causing reducing revenues and increasing the threat from debt. The other main threat is the pending retirement of manager Sir Alex Ferguson, who is now 68 (Ferguson, 2000, p. 12). Ferguson has managed United for almost 25 years, and has led them to over 30 trophies in this time (ManUtd.com, 2010). Given the importance of continued on-field success to Manchester Uniteds financial situation, it is clear that the company must put a strong succession plan in place to ensure performances and financial results do not suffer when Ferguson decides to retire. PEST (P)olitical The main political factors affecting Manchester United are the English Football Association and the European and global equivalents: UEFA and FIFA. These bodies are responsible for determining how all football clubs can operate, in terms of transferring and signing players and carrying out their on-pitch activities. For Manchester United, of particular concern are proposals concerning the level of debt that clubs are allowed to carry, and the need to balance their books and break even on their football activities (UEFA, 2010). This is of concern because Manchester Uniteds high level of debt could well cause the club to encounter short term financial difficulties in the near future, which could lead to sanctions from UEFA, further increasing the scale and duration of any financial difficulties. (E)conomic As with any business, Manchester Uniteds revenues are likely to be affected by the prevailing economic conditions. In particular, as watching football matches and following football teams is expensive and not necessary for peoples continued economic wellbeing, one might expect that football clubs such as Manchester United would suffer in periods of economic decline. However, in spite of the major economic recession that recently affected the UK, Manchester United has continued to grow its revenues, which reached record levels last year (BBC Sport, 2010). Indeed, had the pound sterling not fallen significantly against the Euro, Manchester United would have had the highest revenue of any football club in Europe in the year to 30th June 2009 (Deloitte, 2010). This of course reveals another important economic factor for Manchester United to consider: given the pounds current weakness against the Euro, buying players will be more difficult as clubs in the Eurozone will have more purchasin g power on the global transfer markets. (S)ocial The main social factor affecting Manchester United is the continued desire for people to watch football, both as a form of entertainment and as a social activity. Whilst previous periods such as the 1980s were affected by football hooliganism, in recent years football has experienced a boom in social interest, leading to large numbers of people becoming fans. This is of benefit to Manchester United who, with the largest fan base and most valuable brand in the world (Brand Finance, 2009), can expect to obtain the lions share of new fans. (T)echnological The main technological factor affecting Manchester United is the rise in the internet and other broadcasting channels. This allows the company to reach a wider range of fans across a wider range of channels, and hence obtain more money from the various global fans who do not live within range of traditional distribution networks or cannot access match broadcasts on their local television networks. Conclusion To conclude, even though Manchester United Ltd has financial problem with its high level debt, but the strengths of this operation team may help to overcome and to turn it become a new opportunity. It is because, factors such as the long history, capability for wining champion, the loyalty of the football team funs or its famous players all can bring some lovely profit in. However, Manchester United Ltd still needs to treat its problem seriously and face their weakness and threats in a right way, or they would lose the honour which was built in the past.

History Essays Winston Churchill War

History Essays Winston Churchill War Winston Churchill War These were the words of Winston Churchill when he entered the Buckingham Palace one day, â€Å"But whether it be peace or war we must strive to frame some system of human relations in the future which will put an end to this prolonged hideous uncertainty, which will let the working and creative forces of the world get on with their job, and which will no longer leave the whole life of mankind dependent upon the virtues, the caprice, or the wickedness of a single man.† At about this same time, thousands of people almost worshipped this man, n enigmatic personality and a charismatic leader, who rose to power because of his charisma and his leadership qualities. At this point of time, this great leader was concerned more with the essentials of balancing the harmony and the eternity of his beloved country, England, and he seemed to be quite completely weary and tired of politics. However, this did not mean that the events and happenings taking place all around him did not affect him at all; in fact, it was quite the contrary. He was frankly horrified and appalled at the Fascist rabble in Italy, at the Reichweir rumored to be creating secret aerodromes in Russia, and at the haranguing of Hitler in Germany. Churchill felt that all these incidents could not be considered to be independent; they were all the frank expressions of nations that were demonstrating a certain will power and self command. This was probably the primary reason why Winston Churchill decided that he would come out of retirement from his country house and stand as an independent candidate for the by-election of 1924. Although it is true that this leader lost in this election, as he had in the past two others, it did not deter him in the least, and on the other hand, he became aware that he was an individual who had managed to gather enough support from several factions during the elections. Mr. Baldwin, at this time, offered Winston Churchill a Conservative seat at Epping, and this meant that this leader could return to Epping as a full fledged Conservative leader. It would help to get an idea about the man, and his life, before one can assess his leadership qualities. Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born in the year 1874 in Oxfordshire, to prominent Tory politician Lord Randolph Churchill. The young boy grew up under his father’s tutelage, and when he was old enough, he saw action both at India and at Sudan. He was captured during the Boer War when he was working as a journalist, and he managed to escape from prison later. In 1900, Winston Churchill was appointed the Conservative Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire, but he was apparently disillusioned by his party’s activities, and he therefore joined the Liberal Party in 1904. When in 1905 the Liberal Party won the elections, Churchill was appointed as the Under Secretary, after which he entered the Cabinet as the president of the Board of Trade. In 1910, he was appointed the Home Secretary, after which he became the Lord of Admiralty, a post that he held during the First World War. However, after the disastrous Dardanelles campaign, for which Churchill became the scapegoat, he resigned and joined the Army. From the year 1917 onwards, Winston Churchill was appointed leader of several governmental posts, until the year 1940 when the Prime Minster of England Neville Chamberlain resigned, and Winston Churchill took his place. It must be remembered that Churchill had been opposing Nazi developments in Germany for a long while now, and he took this opportunity to oppose the Nazis officially, while at the same time refusing to surrender to Germany. This act in itself served as an inspiration for the people of England at the time, and this leader worked tirelessly through the war, and built up close ties with the President of the United States of America, Roosevelt, while at the same time trying his best to maintain cordial relations with the Soviet Union. In 1945 during the elections, Churchill lost power, but he remained the leader of the opposition. At the time, he warned his people of the Cold War and tried his best to encourage European and also trans-Atlantic unity. In 1951, the charismatic Winston Churchill became the Prime Minster again, but in 1955 he resigned his post, but he remained a working and accomplished and capable Member of Parliament until his death in the year 1965. Winston Churchill has been known for his early accomplishments in life, in much the same way as other leaders like Lenin, Stalin and Hitler, but there is an intrinsic difference between him and other leaders. While the others mentioned above tried to use their victories in order to create dictatorships in their country, Winston Churchill was an individual who was affected by war, and who grabbed any opportunity he could to make use of the war to lead his own country towards an inevitable victory. Perhaps, the fact that Churchill belonged to a military family helped him a great deal in his endeavors, and when he was sent to India and Sudan on various assignments, the young man, barely twenty four at the time, wrote to his mother back in England, â€Å"I never felt the slightest nervousness, I felt as cool as I do now†. What was even more surprising was that Winston Churchill had been posted both as a war correspondent as well as a serving soldier in India and in Sudan, and it was here that the young man revealed two other aspects of his character: he had a literary bent of mind, and he also had a keen interest in public affairs. As a matter of fact, although Churchill wrote all his life, politics and public affairs almost seemed to consume him; perhaps the fact that his father Randolph Churchill had been a public failure as a politician spurred the young man on, and perhaps to, this was the reason why he was determined to succeed where his own father had failed before him. It is important to note that Randolph Churchill had despised and detested his son, and he probably saw him as a show off and a good for nothing individual. In his own words, writing to his mother the Duchess of Marlborough, he criticized his son heavily, and said that his son lacked â€Å"cleverness, knowledge and any capacity for settled work. He has a great talent for show-off, exaggeration and make-believe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, although his father’s comments must have hurt the young Churchill, he sought to react by trying to venerate his father’s memory. This in itself shows his strength of character, wherein the young man, instead of falling prey to petty vindictiveness and nastiness and spite, sought to restore his father’s lost honor in the British parliament. In the year 1935 Winston Churchill knew enough of world affairs to warn the House of Commons of the importance of â€Å"self-preservation and also of the human and the world cause of the preservation of free governments and of Western civilization against the ever advancing sources of authority and despotism.† It must be stated that Winston Churchill was a natural born leader, who managed to accomplish a great many things during his lifetime. Take for example the time when he managed to escape imprisonment immediately after he was captured during the Boer War: he became an acknowledged and accepted national hero in his country after this fact, and at the time when Edward III was abdicated, Winston Churchill opted to show his deep support for the deposed leader, despite the government’s complete disapproval, and against popular advice. The great man chose to believe in what he felt must be done, and he bravely managed to carry this out, despite all odds. Another accomplishment was that Winston Churchill managed to lead his beloved country through the Second World War, and he also made sure that he made his opposition to Hitler and his atrocities publicly known. This was the reason why Churchill refused to make peace with Germany while Hitler was in power, and instead, he chose to consult with American President Roosevelt and with Soviet Stalin, to create and plan a victory over Germany in the immediate future. This great leader was not an individual who would bow to anyone; he would follow his instincts and act accordingly. Using his insight and intuition, he warned his country of the expansive tendencies being exhibited by the Soviet Union, and he even coined a specific term for this phenomenon: ‘Iron Curtain’. As mentioned earlier, Winston Churchill proved to be an excellent and charismatic leader when he led his country during the Second World War. Experts often state that almost the whole of Churchill’s career had been a sort of training and preparation for this event: that of leading his country during war. It would help to remember that Churchill was an intense patriot, and he loved his country more than anything else in the world. This individual was also a great believer in the greatness and immensity of his country, and he was constantly aware of the historic role that England had played in Europe, in the Empire, and also in the world in general. Churchill was an individual who thrived on challenges, and he would always rise to the occasion in any sort of crisis that his country was facing. Since he was extremely fond of politics, and the workings of his country based on the political happenings happening within his country, he became a veritable master of politics, and it had often been felt that Winston Churchill was nursing all his many faculties, and reining in his inexhaustible sense of energy for the time when he would be able to lead his country in the World war II. This was the time when the brilliant leader could showcase Britain’s values for the entire world, and he grabbed the opportunity to do just this. In was on September 3 1939 that Britain happened to finally declare war on Germany, and at the same time, the then Prime Minister of England, Chamberlain appointed Winston Churchill as the chief in charge of the Admiralty. On the fleet, there was much rejoicing and celebration: â€Å"Winston is back!† went the saying back and forth. The US President Franklin Roosevelt sent a congratulatory letter to Churchill over the appointment, and thus began a long term and memorable correspondence between the two world leaders. It is often stated that it was Winston Churchill’s leadership as the Prime Minister during the Second World War that served to help Britain, until then an isolated power, survive successfully the Battle of Britain, which ultimately led Britain to gain a tremendous victory over Nazi Germany. It is also stated that his form of generous leadership was desperately needed by his country at the time, and perhaps too, it was the man’s obstinacy and stubbornness to enter into any sort of negotiation with Germany, and the will power to adhere to his stand, no matter what, that brought victory to his country, Britain. (Del Testa; Lemoine; Strickland, 2001) In reality, Churchill’s achievements have been at times so much exaggerated that the leader has become a fictional character in several novels that deal with the World War and incidents related to the war across the world. In Winston Churchill’s own words, he led his beloved country Britain through her â€Å"walk with destiny†, and this, a destiny for which the leader had been preparing all his political life, as mentioned earlier. Churchill’s qualities of far-sightedness, his sturdiness, tenacity, stubbornness, his obstinacy in the face of much opposition, his great valor and courage and the will to win and conquer despite the odds were all the characteristics of a great world leader, and it was these qualities that helped the man garner enormous support both at home and also abroad. Furthermore, Winston Churchill was an accomplished speaker, a great politician, and he loved his country. He was also a journalist, and he knew what words would inspire and what would not. In later stages, the very sight of Churchill, with his trademark cigar perched at the corner of his mouth, his fingers raised in his characteristic ‘V’ sign for Victory would serve to inflame the masses, and at the time, the people would do anything for him, and follow him anywhere he would choose to lead them. He became known as ‘John Bull’, a British mythical character, and a symbol of victory for the common people of his country, and Churchill believed strongly that his very destiny lay in great service to his country. When he was chosen to be the Prime Minister of his country, Churchill said these immortal words, â€Å"I felt as if I were walking with destiny, and that all my past life had been in preparation for this hour and this trial†, and this was how this great individual and appointed leader of his country led Britain through one of the toughest wars of history. Take this fierce oratory, for example, an awe inspiring speech that inflamed the people of his country and kept them from losing heart delivered on June 4, 1940, at the time when it appeared as if all of Europe might fall soon: â€Å"†¦we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end we shall fight in the seas and oceans we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender† When his people listened to this speech, they felt inspired enough to think of never ever giving up, even though it appeared as if they may fail eventually. This was the courage and determination that Churchill displayed at every turn. In 1939, immediately after Winston Churchill was recalled to duty as the First Lord of the Admiralty, the first wave of German military power had already managed to overwhelm Poland, and immediately afterward, threatened to topple Northwestern Europe, and also to make France fall. In 1940, at the time when France had already fallen, Churchill was called to power and responsibility by a spontaneous revolt in his country carried out by the best elements in all the parties, and it was a well accepted and recognized fact that he alone, among all the other political leaders, had had no part to play in the disaster of the 1930’s, and that he was blameless. This meant that he had been chosen by the very will of the entire nation, and that he enjoyed his people’s support at every turn. It would be during the next five years, as the Prime Minister of England, and the leader who would lead and head his country in the ongoing World War that Winston Churchill’s career became almost one with that of his nation, and closely linked with its survival. It must be remembered that until the year 1941, Britain had fought all alone in the World War II. At this time, Churchill took it upon himself to inspire resistance at any cost, and to oppose Nazi Germany no matter what happened. H felt reasonably sure that Britain would be able to resist Nazi Germany eventually and that England would not fall prey to Germany any time in the near future. Churchill also started to organize the defense of his country, so that it would stand as a bastion when it would be returned to the continent of Europe. It was this charismatic and appealing leader that managed to bathe in a new life into the government, and into his beloved country and her people. In his own words, when addressing the House of Commons upon being appointed as the Prime Minister of England, he said, â€Å"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat: You ask, what is our policy? I will say: It is to wage war, by sea, land, and air, with all our might. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory.† The ultimate aim was for Churchill an undisputed ‘Victory’ for his country and his people. How exactly did Winston Churchill lead his country during the Second World War? What were his actions? How did he inspire such great confidence in his abilities and performance as a leader of his country? The historian George Best describes how Winston Churchill went about protecting and defending his beloved country. As mentioned earlier, the reputation that the great leader had at this time was that of a gifted politician, who had already changed his party twice, and who could be quite an impulsive type of individual, who could at different times be susceptible to impractical enthusiasms and interests. He was also recognized as the person who felt confident enough to state boldly and in the open his real feelings about the then Prime Minister of England Neville Chamberlain, and his foreign policies. Six years later, after he had led his country successfully through the World War II, Winston Churchill became renowned throughout the world as a enigmatic person and a great statesman who was the champion of freedom and democracy and independence for his country, and who was victorious in his endeavors to guide and lead his country during the war. However, it must be noted that it was not until nine months after his appointment that there were some results. On the 10th of May 1940, the challenge that was facing the country looked very formidable indeed, but things looked even worse about six short weeks later. The British Army was almost captured at Dunkirk, but managed to escape. Although the escape was a victory in itself, it was, in military terms, a shocking setback to the ongoing campaign, and soon enough, Britain was facing an unforeseen threat, that of invasion, something that she had not faced since the year 1805! It was Churchill’s able leadership that managed to save his country from such humiliation, and it was Churchill who managed to persuade the cabinet and the parliament that Britain and its empire could survive, through his awe inspiring speeches at ever juncture. Churchill even went so far as to forbid and prohibit any type of defeatist talk within his hearing, and he also refused to be put on the defensive for any reason whatsoever. He remained firm and strong and capable, and his behavior proved to be extremely heartening to his people, who were almost on the verge of crumpling down in the face of opposition and the prospect of defeat and humiliation. This was how Winston Churchill managed to bring his people through the ‘Battle of Britain’, win the battle, and make sure that invasion was no longer imminent and looming down upon them, and teach Londoners how to survive what became known in later times as ‘the Blitz’. This victory carried him through the next battle, the Second World War, and he remained confident and positive through these difficult times, thereby leading his country through one of the biggest battles she had ever been involved in, in recent years. As mentioned earlier, Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt started to communicate with each other when Churchill was appointed as the Lord of the Admiralty by his Prime Minster. It must be mentioned here that it was this relationship of these two great leaders that managed to bridge the existing gaps between the two countries England and the United states of America, and which helped the leaders fight for their own causes, while also keeping in mind the others’, in a friendly manner. Take for example the letters that Churchill, being a journalist, wrote to Roosevelt, urging him to help the Allies in the ongoing war in Europe. It was in essence these letters that helped bridge the gap between the two countries, and which heralded the beginning of a diplomatic relationship that would help in the struggle to defeat Hitler and the Axis powers. Acting upon Churchill’s advice, Roosevelt proposed aid to Europe in the ‘Lend-Lease Act’, according to which the United States of America would supply financial and military aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union. In return America would have a ninety nine-year lease in places that could be considered to be in threat at any time in the future. In the year 1941, the Congress approved of the Act, and this in essence could be said to have changed the very course of history, because Roosevelt’s generosity and Churchill’s grim determination to bring in a defeat to Hitler and his atrocities combined together into a potent combination, which brought an end to Hitler’s tyranny. In the words of Sir Isaiah Berlin, â€Å"Churchill’s political imagination has something of the same magical power to transform, it is a magic that belongs equally to demagogues and great democratic leaders: Franklin Roosevelt, who as much as any man altered his country’s inner image of itself, and of its character and its history, possessed it in a high degree†¦ Churchill stands at almost the opposite pole. He too does not fear the future, and no man has ever loved life more vehemently and infused so much of it into everyone and everything that he has touched. But whereas Roosevelt, like all great innovators, had a half-conscious premonitory awareness of the coming shape of a society, not wholly unlike that of an artist, Churchill, for all his extrovert air, looks within, and his strongest sense is the sense of the past.† These sentences give one a peek into the relationship that was shared by two great leaders, Churchill and Roosevelt, both of whom fought for a common cause, the welfare of their country and of her people. There are some researchers and reviewers and political analysts, however, who do feel that the relationship has been given too much importance and hype, and the truth may be quite exaggerated, and that the relationship was that of uneasy friendliness. Some others have felt that by forging such a relationship with an America President, Winston Churchill had in fact led his country into developing an unwanted alliance with America. The two leaders had different agendas, but they were united in one aspect, Hitler would have to go, and both the countries would try their very best to drive him out of power, and it was apparently Churchill’s strong hope that he would be able to utilize Roosevelt and his power to shore up the sagging British Empire. Winston Churchill, after having headed his country through turbulent and uneasy times of the Second World War, remained as the Prime Minister, and when he turned eighty in the year 1954, Anthony Eden, several members of parliament, and even his own wife urged him to give up the post, as he appeared to have aged rather rapidly over the past few years. In the year 1955, Winston Churchill resigned as the Prime Minister of England, and he held on to his post as a Member of Parliament. Writing had always been his strong point, and through his life, Churchill had penned several books and written for several journals and magazines, and had even own a Nobel Prize for his work. This served him in good stead at this time, and the great leader managed to complete his four volume work, ‘The History of the English Speaking Peoples.’ Some of the time he would spend visiting his old friends and the rest, on taking long cruises on yachts that belonged to his multi-billionaire friend Aristotle Onassis. His wife, however, did not seem to approve of this extravagant lifestyle, and this brought about a separation between the two. Soon afterwards, Winston Churchill started to suffer from symptoms of depression that he had been prone to earlier too, and he felt that his entire life had been a sheer waste. Although it was Winston Churchill who headed the country towards a victory in the war, the British Empire had in fact almost disappeared at this time, and almost half of Europe had come under the Communist regime. Churchill also feared that Socialism was threatening the England that he had loved with all his might, all his life. However, this able and wonderful leader had reached the fag end of his life, and he was tired and almost ready to give up his life. At the time, he engaged in bitter quarrels with all his children, Randolph, Mary, Diana and Sarah. He seemed to be waiting for death, and he would often remark to his daughter who would sit with him, â€Å"My life is ended, but it is not yet over†. (Hamilton, 2006) He still remained, however, a popular figure, especially within the United States of America, until in 1963, the Congress happened to vote to make him one of the first ‘honorary citizens’ of America, and life continued in the same vein. On his ninetieth birthday, Churchill was surrounded by his family: his wife, children and grandchildren. Well wishers had gathered outside his window, and a frail and weak Churchill struggled to get to the window to make his famous ‘V’ for Victory sign. Cheered by the crowds, Churchill was very happy indeed. That same evening, he suffered a stroke, and went into a coma. Two weeks later, Winston Churchill, the great leader, able administrator and excellent orator and politician, who had overcome many a handicap so that he could serve his country and his people better, breathed his last on January 24, 1965, which coincidentally, also happened to be the seventieth anniversary of his father’s death. He will always be remembered as the man, who led his country in the Second World War, and who ousted Hitler, thereby saving democracy for his country, and for the world. (Hamilton, 2006)

The Almost Perfect Day :: essays papers

The Almost Perfect Day Some of the best times I have in the summertime are riding my jetski. One of my best friends, who also has a ski, go out almost everyday in the summer. We would sometimes even wake up around six o'clock in the morning just to ride the glossy surf at Sandy Hook. There was one great day I had on the ski†¦ It was around seven in the morning when I heard my phone ring. It was my buddy Jared waking me up to tell me to meet him at the Channel Club Marina to go out on our jetskis. I told him I would meet him there in about a half-hour. When I got to the marina Jared told me the swells at Sandy Hook were about five foot, which makes for nice wave jumping. We got our skis all ready; we filled them up with oil and gas, checked the spark plugs, and checked the engine. Finally, we were ready to head out to the ocean for a day of fun. We made our way out down the Navesink River, passing McCloone's and The Quay in Seabright doing around sixty miles per hour. Man, that's the best feeling around. We then headed under the Sandy Hook Bridge, and I could already feel the swells beneath my ski.It was early morning, so all the fishing boats from Highlands were heading out with us. The early morning fog was just lifting too, so that made for some nice scenic views of all the little islands and coves that make up Sandy Hook. We entered the channel that leads right into the ocean and just flew the rest of the way to our destination. As we came around the northern most tip of the Hook we clearly saw that the waves were pretty huge, especially for jetski riding. We both raced to the first big wave we saw, hit it head on, and must have launched at least six feet into the air, which was nothing compared to the air that would come later. About an hour went by and both of our gas tanks were running a little low. We decided to head back toward the Sandy Hook Bridge to get gas at a place called Bahrs in Highlands, which is also a restaurant. So we jetted back toward the bridge and filled our jetskis up to the brim with gas.

Golden Days of Placerville :: essays research papers

Approximately forty-five miles east of Sacramento, California, is the friendly town of Placerville, which marks a major â€Å"Gold Rush† historical landmark in the United States. In the early days of this small gold mining boomtown, Placerville was known as â€Å"Hangtown.† If you come into town, you will see the sign of Placerville, and underneath it you will see its nickname reading, â€Å"Old Hangtown.† Nooses can be seen all over town, on police cars, on historical landmark signs – even at the firehouse and on the Placerville City Seal. Placerville has a great deal of history behind its name. Many people who pass through the town, or even those that live there, don’t realize the history behind the town. There are different accounts on how Placerville attained the name of Hangtown, but the most famous is an episode that occurred one January night in 1849. A gambler named Lopez hit it rich at a local saloon. After he retired for the evening, several robbers tried to overpower him. Lopez fought back like a tiger, and with the help of others, the robbers were captured and beaten like pià ±atas. Three of the robbers had been wanted for previous robberies, as well as for murder at a gold camp on the Stanislaus River. A thirty-minute trial was held for the robbers and after a unanimous â€Å"guilty† verdict, the crowd called out, â€Å"Hang 'em! Hang 'em!† The most historic location in Placerville is the 147-year-old Hangman’s Tree Saloon. On the outside wall of the building is a weathered dummy in jeans, cowboy boots, and pink flannel shirt that dangles lifelessly from a wood block. Inside the saloon, where a noose swings on a fake tree, it is said that the hangman’s ghost lingers there. What used to be Elstner’s Hay Yard is where the original tree used to stand, from which the people originally hung. The dummy still hangs from that same location to this day. Actually, Hangtown conducted only a small number of hangings. Just one year later, in 1850, Hangtown was renamed Placerville and was named after the placer deposits of placer gold found in the river bed between Spanish Ravine and the town plaza. The town of Placerville began with the Gold Rush in California in the 1840’s. Gold was discovered in the tailrace at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, which is about ten miles from Old Hangtown, in 1848.

Jihad: Moving Beyound Cultural Biases and Misconceptions Essay

The concept of Jihad was not widely known in the western world before the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. Since then, the word has been woven into what our media and government feed us along with notions of Terrorism, Suicide Bombings, Hamas, Al-Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden, and now, Jihad. Our society hears exhortations resounding from the Middle East calling the people to rise up in Jihad and beat back the imperialist Americans. Yet, if we try to peel back all of these complex layers of information we can we attempt to find out what Jihad really means. Webster’s Dictionary defines Jihad as â€Å"a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty or a crusade for a principle or belief† (1). Often, media depicts Jihad in the same manner—as a vicious clash between two very different peoples, each of whom believes that righteousness, and in many cases God, is on their side. From this interpretation and our daily media intake, one may re asonably assume that Jihad refers to nothing more than violent acts, or â€Å"holy wars.† While there is no precise definition of the term, the meaning of Jihad is far more complex. In fact, the term Jihad generally refers to the struggle one must undertake as one â€Å"strive[s] in the path of God† (Church 110). That struggle is defined both externally and internally. As so, they are classified in terms of an external struggle with enemies or non believers, or an internal struggle with oneself to reject greed and temptation. While popular opinion has been misconstrued to see Jihad as a malevolent, violent action; a serious investigation of the term’s historical and religious background reveals a multi-defined word. An examination of the Jihad’s etymological context will lend a k... ... As Americans, we must approach Jihad with sensitivity, an admission of our ignorance on the subject, and an earnest attempt to properly educate ourselves. Works Cited Church, Kenneth. â€Å"Jihad.† Collateral Language. Ed. John Collins and Ross Glover. New York: NYU Press, 2000. 109-123. Engineer, Asghar Ali. â€Å"The Real Meanings of Jihad.† December 2001. 1 October 2003.Husaq, Nina. E-mail to the author. 19 October 2003. Juergensmeyer, Mark. Terror In The Mind Of God. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (6th Edition) Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1999.Rogers-Melnick, Ann. â€Å"Jihad Misused, Misunderstood.† Post-Gazette 23 September 2001. 2 October 2003. The Qu’ran. LXI:11, p.398; IX:41, p.149. Witham, Larry. â€Å"Muslims See Wordplay as Swordplay in Terrorism War.† The Washington Post. 24 July 2002. 3 October 2003.

 Tips for writing a “9” DBQ: Essay

1. As you read the question, come up with at least three categories. Then try to fill in as much specific factual information that you can think of, and put this into the categories. It’s important to do this BEFORE you read the documents, so that you don’t forget them when you are analyzing the documents. 2. After you do this, and ONLY after, start reading the documents. When looking at the documents, be sure to look at who is the author/painter/political cartoonist/historian – many times you will recognize that name and can give the document some context by what you know about the person, even if you have never seen the document before. Recognize that not all documents are equal in significance. 3. Sometimes the documents are intended to trigger reader memory – for example, a first hand account of a labor protest turned violent in 1896 means they want you to recognize that they are talking about the Haymarket Square Riot. 4. After you figure out what the document is saying, write it down in the appropriate category. If it supports your position, put a + next to it; if it is contrary to your position, put a – next to it. Be sure that you put the letter of the document (A, B, C, etc) when you write down the point the document is making, because this will make it MUCH easier when you are putting all of this information in essay form. If you go to the College Board AP US History Exam website, you can view released prompts and suggested document analysis. 5. Do not be afraid to use a point that contradicts your position. You are expected to acknowledge the complexities of history. Just show why it doesn’t defeat your position. For example, if your essay is about the impact of Reconstruction, and your position is that the U.S. government did not do much to help the freed slaves, you should not ignore the Freedmen’s Bureau. Rather, you should point out the inadequacies of the Freedmen’s Bureau – it didn’t last long enough, the majority of local Bureau agents were hampered in their efforts by former Confederates, and there was no military power to enforce the authority of the Bureau agents. 6. Now, and only now, write your thesis. The thesis should not exceed two sentences. State your position clearly in the first sentence. In your second sentence you can define a key term (progressivism, Robber Baron, Jacksonian Democracy – depends on the prompt) and include the categories that you used in your chart back in step #1. Be sure to write your categories into your thesis in the same order in which you are going to discuss them in your essay. For example: â€Å"From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained freedom from slavery, yet during the same period the institution of slavery expanded. Explain why BOTH of those changes took place. Analyze the ways that BOTH free African Americans and enslaved African Americans responded to the challenges confronting them.† (2009 DBQ question) Your thesis could be something like the following: African slaves and their American-born children were ignored by the Constitution (which, in its original form, referred to slaves as â€Å"other persons†), but the contradictory nature of the new American identity [described in this student’s introduction prior to the thesis, using details that indicated the student’s knowledge of the time period referenced in the question] both led to greater freedom and more widespread bondage. Slaves and freedmen alike suffered under, exploited, and coped with the aspects of an agrarian economy, capitalism, and Christianity in America. This thesis (this was from a sample answer that received a score of 8 out of 9) makes writing the essay easy. Every paragraph should have a topic sentence that states the category (see how this sample has three categories) you are talking about and your position on this category. Then include in the paragraph the points that you listed in your chart, and make it flow together, using both the documents and outside information. The last sentence in each paragraph is the clincher sentence that finishes off your thoughts on that one category and provides a transition into the next one. When you are finished, rephrase your thesis for the conclusion.

Kite runner redmption Essay

One of the main themes of the novel The Kite Runner Is redemption. Throughout the novel, the main character, Amir, seeks redemption for his sins. Amir states in the first chapter of the novel that he has a past of â€Å"unatoned sins. † Throughout the novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini uses the following symbols to express the theme of redemption: The scar above Amirs lip, the lamb and the blue kite. The scar above Amirs lip represents the redemption Amir attained by rescuing Sohrab. Amir travels to Afghanistan to rescue Sohrab, who is being exploited by a Taliban leader. The Taliban leader turns out to be an old enemy from Amirs childhood, Assef. Amir must fight Assef in order to leave with Sohrab. During the fight Amir is beaten brutally until Sohrab shoots Assef with his slingshot. Amir is left with a scar above his right lip, strikingly similar to the one Hassan had after having surgery for his cleft lip. At the beginning of the novel, Amir watches Hassan get raped, but he did not intervene. The guilt from that day haunts him throughout the novel. At one point, Amir even tries to force Hassan to beat him up, as though the only thing that could redeem Amir was being beaten, but Hassan does not and Amir is even more ridden with guilt. When Rakim Khan calls amir, he says, â€Å"Come, This is a chance for you to be good again. † It is clear Rakim Khan understood the guilt that Amir was feeling, and realized that Amir had been searching for redemption all his life. Khan new that rescuing Sohrab was the only way Amir could truly find redemption. The rescue of Sohrab, was the rescue of an innocent, the rescue of a lamb. Throughout the novel, a reoccurring image of a sacrificial lamb represents a path to redemption. Amir tells the reader how during the Muslim holiday of Eid-Al-Ahda, the Mullah sacrifices a lamb. The look on the lamb’s face during the sacrifice stays with Amir for the rest of his life. When Amir witnesses Asseff rape Hassan, he remarks, â€Å"I caught a glimpse of his face. Saw the resignation in it. It was a look I had seen before. It was the look of the lamb. † Once more in the novel, Amir is reminded of the lamb, when he witnesses Asseff exploit Sohrab. The link between Hassan, Sohrab and the Lamb is their innocence; Because Amir betrayed an innocent Hassan, he must save an innocent to be redeemed, Sohrab is this innocent lamb. By ending the exploitation of this figurative lamb, Amir attains redemption for his sin. Finally, returning with the blue kite was an avenue of redemption for Amir. Every winter, in Kabul, there was a large kite-fighting tournament. The tournament was a big deal to the people of Kabul. Amir and Hassan won the tournament, but in order to truly be victorious, Hassan had to retrieve the blue kite so Amir could bring it home as a trophy. During the kite tournament Amir states, â€Å"All i saw was the blue kite. All i smelled was victory. Salvation. Redemption. † Specifically, redemption in the eyes of Baba. Amir had stated earlier in the novel how he thought Baba thought of him as weak, but this was Amirs chance to be strong in the eyes of Baba, and end Amirs longing for Baba’s love. In conclusion, the rescue of Sohrab, the sacrificial lamb and the blue kite represent redemption for Amir’s sins. Redemption is a main theme of the novel, and Khaled Hosseini uses the aforementioned symbols to tell the story of Amir’s quest for redemption. Amir’s quest makes one question whether sometimes the sinner, is also the victim. As a mere child, Amir betrayed his friend, out of fear, out of cowardice, and out of selfishness, but he did not know that decision would haunt him for the rest of his life. Did he really deserve the punishment befallen on him?

Principles of Management

Fayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are: 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect syste m. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a ‘combination of kindliness and justice' is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them.An inse cure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of ‘personal vanity' on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that: â€Å"real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person's abilities, and reward each one's merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. â€Å" Principles of Management Fayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are: 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect syste m. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a ‘combination of kindliness and justice' is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them.An inse cure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of ‘personal vanity' on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that: â€Å"real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person's abilities, and reward each one's merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. â€Å" Principles of Management Fayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are: 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect syste m. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a ‘combination of kindliness and justice' is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them.An inse cure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of ‘personal vanity' on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that: â€Å"real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person's abilities, and reward each one's merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. â€Å" Principles Of Management Most of us have to work for a living†¦. Employee motivation issues. It is easy for any individual to lack motivation. This may result from monotonous working routines, even though we work for a living. Therefore, it is essential to consider employee motivation issues so that the employees work at their best and with full dedication. For some employees, working for living is not an issue and living for working is. Therefore, managers have to ensure that the employees are motivated always and do their best when working for an organization. 7. Can an individual be too motivated?Discuss? I don’t believe that an individual can be too motivated but rather excited or extremely encouraged to do any task. This may result from a variety of factors. Mainly, new job or new project issues are taken into consideration when evaluating an employee’s motivation level. It is necessary for an individual to be motivated always. This can be to such an extent that he or she delivers an excellent quality of work every time and this can result from positive thinking at work. CASE APPLICATION- â€Å"BEST BUY† 1. Explain†¦ expectancy theory?According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this theory covers the basic needs of an individual and thus, different employee programs under this theory place a positive effect on the employee thereby increasing their motivation and their will to work. Best Buy offers the scope of self-management and gives complete freedom to its employees in every way. The disadvantage of Best Buy’s program using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is the safety that I believe Best Buy lacks. Using the reinforcement theory, Best Buy has only been initiating changes without any reward benefits to the employees.The tasks completed by the employees are noted but I don’t think they are rewarded for this, which is a disadvantage according to this theory. According to expectancy theory as well, employees should be rewarded sufficiently for their performance that lacks in Best Buy. Having to work based on incentives is fine but the company should always reward the employee sufficiently for performance that motivates the employees further rather than having a mere change in the work environment along with choices. Giving choices to employees may also promote motivation as they choose and opt for what they are comfortable in.2. Log on†¦ job characteristics model. The Business Technology Consultant in Best Buy offers a lucrative position to those who are highly skilled and knowledgeable in the area. According to the job characteristics model, it meets all the criteria and therefore, helps the employee to be continuously motivated and satisfied with the job due to its changing needs throughout. The job offers skill development, task handling technique, highlights on the importance of tasks, liberty and they also receive feedback from their peers regarding this.Another job that is worth lo oking into is the special agent requirement in the Best Buy. He is mainly responsible for the networking aspect of the company and is supposed to aid the Business Technology Consultant in the improvement of company’s IT structure. However, this job lacks a few characteristics, as mentioned in the job characteristics model. I don’t believe there is any liberty as there are specified tasks so it is hard for the employee to be motivated all the time. 3. Design†¦managerial philosophy.While the incentive program of the CEO is rewarding for its employees, another way to acknowledge the employee’s achievement and motivate them is to set a record where there is an â€Å"employee of the week† chosen and they are rewarded based on their weekly performance on various levels rather than monthly performances. I believe this employee recognition program can bring about several changes, including competitiveness in the work environment where the employees will cont inuously be at work to improve their performance levels thereby giving them a chance to succeed on a weekly basis rather than monthly. 4.Suppose that you are the store manager†¦.. What are you going to do? In order to succeed with the customer-centricity, it is important to focus on customers more than the employees but they too should be given importance for their work. Providing immediate customer care and solutions to customers followed by a detailed insight into the products they want to buy can help in the succession of customer-centricity. Furthermore, it can be said that customers should be satisfied in every way and this means doing anything to achieve this motive. Therefore, customers are not only treated as first class citizens but important visitors to the store.The welcoming atmosphere created along with prompt customer service can help in the success of customer-centricity program. CHAPTER 17: Thinking about management issues: answer 5 Trust revolves around individ ual’s personal characteristics as well as the outside specific situations. Inclusion of both is essential to make decisions and therefore, both should be taken into account. It is the individual’s personal characteristics that draw attention towards trust. Outside specific situations strengthens the trust and therefore, play an essential role in the building of trust.Both are equally important to uphold trust in an individual. CASE STUDY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Describe†¦ might be? Ricardo Semler shows an innovative method for business strategies to succeed. His strategy helps in giving liberty to the employees to do whatever they want and this always motivates the employees, as they are already familiar with the organization’s objectives. I see many drawbacks though. There is no target and no management. This mostly leads to chaos and businesses should be built on the model of bureaucracy and the performance of all should be evaluated.Semler trusts all his employees and it is very rare that his kind of strategies would work for everyone in the business market. This is risky. There have been several successful businesses where bureaucracy has yielded successful results. 2. What challenges†¦addressed? â€Å"Hands-off† leader faces management problems and extreme chaos. There is no discipline or code of conduct. Therefore, such challenges can be addressed by ensuring there are proper codes of conducts, even as a â€Å"hands-off† leader to ensure that discipline is maintained in an organization.Being adults doesn’t imply the meaning that one should be completely independent. Objectives of the companies can be met in several ways but if they are achieved by proper means with proper idea proposal, we know what techniques are employed by the employees in achieving success. Proper monitoring is essential for tracking the success of growth and development for the organization. 3. How could†¦ Discuss? I certainly don’t think Semler’s method of running a business could actually serve as a helpful strategy to fulfill the criteria of proper etiquettes in business management.I can’t see future leaders identifying with Semler’s way of doing business as any method that lacks disciplines and proper codes is not a reliable or a professional way of doing business. It may be able to achieve short-term success but not long-term success. Leadership training is absolutely crucial for any organization and businesses with excellent leadership have been outstanding results of business success throughout, which is why we emphasize on leadership in business. 4.What could†¦. leadership? Ricardo’s leadership gives the employees their own space to out their creativity and innovation into practice without the extensive paperwork of approvals and disapprovals. This feature of Ricardo’s leadership can be very benefiting due to its motivating influence on the employees . Free flow of creativity helps the employees to freely exercise their rights to lead the organization towards success. CHAPTER 18 Thinking about management issues 4. When do†¦rights†?Electronic devices such as computers, videogames, video cameras and telephone monitoring step over the line from â€Å"effective management controls† when the devices used intrude the privacy of others. Therefore, it is absolutely essential not to infringe upon privacy of others as this is considered absolutely unethical. Privacy of one’s personal space is a right that every individual owns and therefore, it should not be infringed in any way. 5. â€Å"Every†¦Explain? I do believe every individual in an organization plays a vital role as they are responsible for contributing their efforts to the organization.Hence, every individual’s role counts. Control is something that the leaders of an organization do based on what kind of output they want to receive. These are not just managers but every supervisor in an organization who looks after certain tasks and groups for the completion of the tasks given to them. Therefore, control is not only restricted to managers but to every employee who has tasks to accomplish and is responsible for a group of people working under him or her. Ethical dilemma exercise I believe I’d opt for option A as I believe that is the most ethical thing to do.Viewing adult graphic content using company’s internet facilities is against the rules of the organization and this matter should be dealt with seriousness. Today, the manager is found to view such things on the internet. Some other day, we will have other employees of the organization doing the same thing. The sooner the issues are highlighted to the authorities concerned, the rest of the staff will be aware of the consequences of doing such acts and thus, this will not be repeated by other employees as well. Awareness is definitely important in this r egard and cannot be taken lightly.CHAPTER 19 1. Using†¦ tour? In order to enhance productivity, it is essential for the manager to learn more about operation management. Somewhere in the sun tour has to have certain input elements in order to process the output. Using exhibit 19-1, we know that the input elements would consist of people, technology, capital, equipment, materials, information that would further be processed and transformed into goods and services. This helps in the effective functioning of an organization followed by proper management of productivity.