HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

HR - Essay ExampleForced ranking can be described as a controversial commission tool that is employed in organizations in allege to identify the best and worst workforce employees. This method of work guidance is significantly efficient since the secure working personnel are rewarded while the lazy ones are normally fired. In some cases, laboured ranking is used by large business firms which are required to systematize their human imaginativeness (Bacal 59). The criteria used in determining the rank of an employee should be more qualitative rather than quantitative. In fact, the advantage of a business is normally measured by the quality of work provided. The higher the quality of services offered the higher the quantity of sales. Therefore, forced ranking cannot be effective in an organization whereby all the stave members are superstars. This method is valuable to the employee, since they have to work hard in order to avoid losing their jobs. On the other hand, this metho d substantially benefits the company since they improve their presence in the market.In this context, procedure management is the main topic of discussion. This presentation presents the importance of performance-appraisal systems that can be employed in an organization in order to improve the effectiveness of the firm. Performance-appraisal systems are critical in an organization because without this strategy, the progress of the company is weakened. Therefore, most companies evaluate the performance of their staff in order to augment their sales (Bacal 48).Research asserts that performance management is quite critical. As a matter of fact, the progress of any company simply relies on the performance of its employees (Bacal 49). Therefore, if the employees are not serious with their work, they are likely to be relegated or even fired. Therefore, the evaluation of performance of an employee is critical in ensuring that he or she remains focused on his or her

English Language Learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

English Language Learners - Essay ExampleSo, Slavit et al (2002) introduces many ways to learn hour language along with cotton uping similarities and differences. The main obstacle while schooling English as a second language characterizes the students into two categories social and unsocial. For those students who possess a social and outgoing attitude, it is easier to learn as they are carefree about the mis regainings and try experimenting the language while imitating phrases. Here they are not refer about the mistakes. On the other hand it is difficult to learn English for those who possess a shy(p) attitude and are conscious to what they should say and what not. Such students are unsocial and are concerned about grammatical mistakes. Hence it is difficult for them to utter and imitate phrases.Errors and Social Interaction are two intemperate approaches, which help a learner to learn the best of a language. Errors are the indicators of progress and if dealt positively bat h lead a child towards language perfection. In this context in case of errors it is not encourage to adopt an attitude that points out errors in a learner, instead a better strategy is to highlight the correct form in the form of a model. Social interaction is another way of learning which not only is helpful in grasping new concepts but also encourages an individual to take part in oral and written language development through talking and listening. This is the reason for why today there is a growing trend of chat forums.According to Drucker (2003) there is a unvoiced interconnection between listening and reading. This is evident from the fact that children who are able to read a runty are when subjected to learn phonetic words, they found an ease to develop interest, which is helpful in learning and memorizing phonetic words, while on the other hand those words that are bore to pronounce are not remembered easily. In this context

Critical Thinking and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Thinking and Technology - Essay ExampleCritical thought also enhances the intercourse and presentation skills of employees, students and even employers as the study presented is thoroughly thought over and researched. With critical thinking, our ability to persuade our ideas, opinions and beliefs to other people is enhanced and this promotes cooperation and productivity in organizations that are dependent on technology.Creativity is master(prenominal) in success of individuals, organizations and institutions across the globe in this technology age. According to Plato (Pinliucci, 2011), critical thinking increases the creative ability of people and this enhances entrepreneurship and business growth. To think critically, an individual must be able to develop a strong purpose and develop a problem upon which different questions will be used to visualise it. The position of critical thinking in modern day world has remained a major let go of as a result of the emergence of technology and more so, the internet (Whitney, 2010). Information technology and particularly the internet improve critical thinking ability of students and employees as it enhances judgment and decision making processes.With information technology, data processing is enhanced due to the massive sources that readers are subjected to and this enhances critical thinking. The growth of critical thinking skills is essential in the development of students and employees as it enhances the process of gathering information and developing skills. As a result, the questioning information presented to an individual enhances their understanding of the area and improves their discussion skills. The global economy is currently reliant on technology, an aspect of development that is dynamic and influenced by the level of knowledge of an individual. As a result, the development of flexible skills is essential, a process that can only be achieved through developing strong analytics skills show among critical thinkers (Taylor, 2012).Technology

Flier Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Flier Analysis - Essay ExampleIt is estimated that the fair(a) college freshman will gain 15 pounds in their first year of college. This statistic has not gone ignored and has gained a reputation as the Freshman-15.While diet has an enormous influence on weight gain, our political syllabusme will dedicate itself to exercise. Health experts, nutritionists, and physical trainers all agree that diet and exercise are the deuce most important ingredients to controlling weight gain and maintaining physical health. The components of a healthy diet shake been addressed by the various agencies that are assigned to keep our food safe. Fast food restaurants stick been pro-active in the reduction of fat, carbohydrates, and trans-fats from their menus. The second component, exercise, has been addressed to a lesser extent and may be easier to produce given our situation. It is from this angle that we invite offered the Anti-Freshman 15 Sports Club, an exercise program that is casual, inf ormal, and fun.To promote our Anti-Freshman 15 Sports Club we have developed a flier to be placed strategically around the campus to gain attention to our program and generate interest among the student body. It is designed to be placed on bulletin boards or places where students may congregate. The one page design has been implemented to be used as an inexpensive take-away particular to be passed around or used for future reference. The color scheme is meant to attract attention, while the unmanliness of the hue is non-threatening and easy to read. In keeping with the color scheme, the design is gender nuetral and the club is not extra to male or female. This will attract as many students as possible and advocate the program to a wide range of student demographics.While the sports club is called the Anti-Freshman 15 Sports Club, it is for all students or implicated campus personnel. The audience may be a freshman who is concerned about

Db2 employment recruitment and select Research Paper

Db2 employment recruitment and select - interrogation Paper ExampleThe other function involves the non essential functions, as the name suggests they are additional duties set form a study function being presented. They are either caused by some occurrences or used as additional duties to be carried out workers. They done require specialist to perform them so in major organizations they are usually distributed among amongst all employees.According to (Walker, 2003) Essential and non essential functions are kill with respect to the organization of the subject at hand for example the introduction of a new transcription be it scientific or simple system the need to describe functions of the employs must be kept in mind. In caring out the essential duties the international laws governing the labor sector must be observed. They include the recommend eight hours of working time is observed and that the working conditions are favorable. The snub of overtime pay must be included in p erforming these duties. Essential duties are major to the organization for instance an account caring out an audit is termed as essential but when he is involved in matters to deal with training of fellow employees then it becomes non

Green Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

potassium Politics - Essay ExampleGreen politics began its earliest canvass in the name of the Green ships company that was formed in 1980. This party began as a trine party that follows a broad semipolitical ideology of global justice and preservation of the ecology. This was followed by a worldwide spurt of similar green par sticks. In Australia, the like decade saw the birth of the Green Australia Party. It came from the Franklin River Dams campaign during the 1980s which proposed to address issues like peace and democracy at the grassroots level. (www.wikipedia.com)Britain soon followed match with environmental politics high on its list of priorities. With a formal panel of green advisors, Britains green political movement has addressed issues that basically baffle to do with the environment more than anything else. Meanwhile, in Canada, the Green Party of Quebec took off in the 1980s to address issues like ecological preservation and other issues in the same vicinity. ( www.wikipedia.com)These parties have made a point in a world where limited resources and un take exceptiond using up of the same are coming under fire. They have managed to have a representation in governments aside from drawing attention to caexercisings in the form of a place of priority on worldwide agendas. (www.wikipedia.com) one and only(a) of the most basic features of green politics that makes it neithe... Foresight helps a green politician perform in accordance with issues that will influence the times to come for at least seven generations. Free of alignments that could tie it down in terms of leftist or right hand ideologies, green politics is that form of politics that creates the vision for furthering causes and catering to a more wholesome humanitarian purpose. By making use of foresight more than anything else, green politics helps in a global integration of goals and results. (Hawkins, 2006)Globalization other important feature of green politics lies in its ability to combine global issues on a very global platform. Through its efforts to secure representation in national governments, green politics look to to address global issues rather than focus merely on national ones. Globalization is a real phenomenon that is fast combining the collective conditions of economic interests, peace efforts and other such endeavors that put issues on the mapping and help find solutions that will benefit the entire world. With an increase in the phenomenon known as globalization and the wide use of technology as a complementary feature, human society has changed and the needs have increased manifold. Changes in the political, economical and cultural arena have challenged and effected alterations within various professions. The self-direction of nation states and political parties has been under challenge because the global arena has tried to decrease it so to sink their power and status. Also, trust has been replaced by target setting accountability as cl ient-professional interactions have been limited in order for services and companies profits to be increased. Finally, all these changes have affected and put under challenge international politics. This is further

HowwastheUnited NationshapedbythefailureoftheLeagueofNations Essay

Howwasthe fall in Nationshapedbythefailureofthe federationofNations - Essay ExampleLeague of Nations was not a state, it was commonly acknowledged and established entity through the mutual consent of the countries from all over the world. The pioneer of this idea was Ameri give the axe President Woodrow Wilson who was famously known for his 14 points gave the idea of an organization of comparable magnitude that would set the world on its footings for development and progress (Hakim, 2002, 16). League of Nations was an effective entity on m each an(prenominal) accounts however, it failed on numerous fronts and as a result made the countries feel the need of replacing it by a more effective entity. The more effective entity came into existence after the Second World War. That Entity was called unite Nations Organization (Conforti, 2005, 6). Briefly put, United Nations Organisation came into existence because of the inability, weaknesses, and silence of League of Nations in m any ca ses (Arp, 2013, 717). The reliable need and purpose of establishing United Nations organization can be understood by compreh fetch uping the overall building and working of League of Nations and further looking into the areas where League of Nations failed to deliver. Based on that an analysis and observation can be drawn which would allow understanding the establishment of United Nations Organisations. ... g about immediate end to disputes, resolving them through good counsels and establishing global order that would allow overall development and progress of humanness (Johnstone, 2009, 1). Despite the similarity in agenda, the former suffered on account of its structure and weaknesses in its outer organise units. League of Nations lacked several necessary councils and bodies that are post of United Nations and now U.N stands in a ofttimes better position than the predecessor global organization. Broadly it was the political failure of League of Nations that invoked the need a nd fruition for an entity that would be far stronger than the predecessor and would guarantee peace across the globe. Achievements of United Nations Organizations Despite the number of fry weak links of U.N, the organization stands firm and better than its predecessor on multiple accounts. Since its inception near six decades ago, the entity has enabled preventing any major war outbreak that might engulf the major states in a war. The world since the establishment of United Nations has seen the complete stoppage of any nuclear attack by any other country unlike the days of League of Nations when United States of America launched a nuclear notice upon Japans twin cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Watson, 2010, 33). The fact that every country on the surface of earth is part of the United Nations General Assembly adds to the strength and positives of U.N as an entity. The number has been constantly increasing and it has not seen any withdrawal by any nation in the manner League of Nations did. Socioeconomic facet of U.N United Nations Organizations has a far more comprehensive and stronger socioeconomic domain. It is a multifaceted entity that aims at eradicating poverty, literacy issues,

Cross Cultural Psychology in the 21st Century Essay

Cross ethnic Psychology in the 21st Century - Essay ExampleCultural similarities and differences have to be studied on priority for understanding human behaviour.Travelling is an integral type of cross-cultural psychological research. Unlimited friendship with people from diverse backgrounds and theoretical and practical life experiences that should modify the researcher to think critically, rationally and logically are compulsory for the said research. It is imperative to think less(prenominal) about cultural differences and more about assimilating the cross-cultural psychology into mainstream psychology. Research should focus on adjusting the ideologies and theories to the mainstream psychology,Matsumotos saying that bilinguals automatically work from two cultural frames depending on the language they speak at each given moment. Knowing more languages enables them to get into multiple personalities and intercultural sensitivity. Most westerners are monolingual and are unused t o cross cultural comparisons. Future developments in research should focus on cultural comparisons. Culture is similarly magnificent to be captured by one dimension alone and should be understood in its many a(prenominal) splendours, also with reference to power and status that affect the culture. Integration of cross-cultural theories into mainstream psychology should be the target. devil research regions should be the intercultural and interpersonal communications and their importance.Culture and the so

Middle east studies global prespectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

in-between east studies global prespectives - Essay ExampleThere are numerous progressive laws that have been devised in regard to didactics in Lebanon notwithstanding they are yet to be enforced. These laws have a potence of improving the Lebanese didactics system and consequently improving the life of the Lebanese (Samira, Achim & Sarhan 64). Also, it can push respect and understanding among all political and religious groups in Lebanon.Education in Lebanon is compulsory. Compulsory education in the country was adopted as early as 1736 and influenced the adoption of the compulsory education in Ottoman Empire in 1869 (Hamdan 5). The compulsory education was abandon by the Ottoman Empire rulers but was readopted in Lebanon in 1959. In 1971, the Lebanese education system established Education Centre for enquiry and Development (ECRD) (Hamdan 5). ECRD has a responsibility to drafting state schools textbooks, setting the curriculums and overseeing the Lebanese education system at l arge. Lebanon took part in the world conference that adopted World Declaration on Education for solely which classifies education as a human right. This made Lebanese education system to set several(prenominal) objectives and means to achieve them. These objectives include broadening the means and scope of basic education, facilitating universal access to information and promoting equity. ECRD also changed the curriculum to include subjects such as Theatre, Arts and IT at the basic education level. The ministry of education and higher education in 2004 published national strategy for education for all.Lebanon education system consists of unproblematic education and intermediate education, secondary education, vocational and technical education, and higher education (Samira, Achim & Sarhan 55). Primary education in Lebanon has been free since 1987. English, Arabic, and French are the instructional medium in the private schools. The duration of Lebanese primary quill education is 5 years (Hamdan 15). After completion of primary

EU Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EU Law - Essay ExampleIn the same year, she launched claims for consideration of an educational harmonise in the UK, natural endowment reasons that courses in genetics were non offered in her country Germany.The application was rejected on ground that Ms. Morgan did not meet pin downs on paragraph five, clause cardinal that is 5(2) of the Federal Law on encouragement of upbringing and Training BAfOG. Ms. Morgan was denied grant, because she was not continuing her learning in another member state, studies initially pursued in Germany for at least one year. She had started hers in the UK and so, failed to satisfy that condition.In the second case, Ms. Bucher began her studies in ergo-therapy in Netherlands, close to the German border. Living with her parents in Bonn, they moved to Duren, where she registered as her permanent residence before change of location to Heerlen for studies. Ms. Butcher applied for an educational grant to pursue training the Netherlands.The application was rejected on condition that Ms. Bucher did not fulfill paragraph 5(1) of the BAfOG. It was alleged that Ms. Bucher established residence on the border to facilitate her training. actor given for denial was, Ms. Bucher did not satisfy the conditions either on paragraph 5(1) of the BAfOG or those stated on 5(2). Entitlement to an educational grant as member state citizens to both applicants is the factual claim in the two cases that is C-11/06 and C-12/06Questions referred to the Court of Justice for interpretation were two, the first question common in both cases. Does the rights of movement allot for citizens in the Union under Articles 17 EC and 18 EC the rights to deter a subdivision State, in a case like Ms. Morgans and Buchers, from awarding an education or training grant to its nationals for a course of study in other Member States on ground that the course does not reflect a continuation of studies pursued at an educational institutional in their national

CW1 & CW3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CW1 & CW3 - Essay ExampleReggae has always been associated with Rastafarianism, a horti husbandry where people wear dreadlocks hair covered with woollen hats in green, gold and red colours (Blake, 1997). livestock of Reggae Most of reggaes original versions elicit be found in Mento, Ska and Rocky Steady. Reggae changed the original handed-down patterns when they all(a)owed guitar to play off-beat chords, while the bass guitar played melodic patterns (Waters, 1985). Music in the society was used to condone to the rest of the world the oppressions that the citizens were going through. The extreme pressures of lack of jobs, good houses and political unrest was becoming a menace at Kingston. This made many Rastafarians and singers to get into Rastafarianism as a way of escaping from the injustices that were being experience in the society. Popular artists such as the wailers, Burning Spear, Bob (Andy), Gregory Isaacs, Culture and Marcia (Griffiths), became popular during this era a nd they all turned into Rastafarianism as a way of life (Knight & Martnez-Vergne, 2005). Reggae medicinal drug had also an impact to the politics of Jamaica. The rivalry leader at one time spoke of how the message in the music is interwoven with politics and its a good avenue where information can be passed from one generation to another. therefrom music and politics cannot be separated. Since reggae evolved in the 60s, it has become among the near listened to music genres as the culture that is contained in it is really appreciated. Bob Marley and the Wailers be the biggest sellers of the gene ever and their hit Exodus was voted the best and nearly influential album of the twentieth century. Musicians and groups such as Black Uhuru, Gregory Isaacs, UB40, Maxi Priest, Shabba Ranks, Super Cat Shaggy, Buju Banton, Chaka Demus & Pliers, Beenie, Bounty, Sean Paul, TOK among others are the to the highest degree influential artists that are spreading the music genre to many genera tions. They have earned a lot of cash and fame globally, an aspect that was not imagined to ever happen in the world of music (Longhurst, 2007). Impacts of Reggae in modern society The modern society is full of many social, political and economic issues. Music plays a greater role in spreading important information about what happens in any abandoned societies. Gospel music, spreads the good news of God, patriotic songs talks about the love of ones country, reggae music too has a message to pass to the rest of the world. Main themes that are found in most reggae songs are equality, justice, poverty, marriage, sex, drugs politics, religion among other many types of themes that the music spreads all over the world. It has been liked by most international audiences who views most African culture as being rich and of important lessons to their twenty-four hours to day lives (Potter, 1988). For a better understanding of the themes and message that the music brings forth, it is importan t to closely examine an artist who is ordinarily recognised as the father of reggae and Rastafarianism in Jamaica. The music of the late Bob Nesta Marley who introduced reggae music to international perspectives can be termed to combine a feel good of rhythm with militant call for justice and liberty from oppression. He was born in Jamaicas countryside, but later moved to at a unripened age to Trench Town, Kingston, one of Jamaicas most hopeless towns that one could imagine of living in. He abandoned school and left

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley - establish ExampleIn these regards, I faced no real difficulty or challenges when reading Frankenstein. from time to time I came across vocabulary that I either wasnt familiar with, or was perhaps regular of the nineteenth century that I stumbled upon, but nothing challenging to the point of disrupting the originals muniment flow. I believe the centering of the narrative around sensational and horrifying events greatly contributed to my interest and travel in understanding the novel. Its this exciting nature that also led me to find the book passing intriguing and moving. There were many parts of the novel that I found intriguing and recognize that the devour periods only existed so that they could be resolved in narrative climaxes. Probably the most intriguing instalment was Victors description of how he had received his education and his desire to discover the secret meanings of life, and his ultimate realization of this in Frankensteins crea tion. I also found Victors quest towards the novels conclusion to exact revenge on Frankenstein as perhaps the most moving at this point I had become completely emotionally invested in the characters and read this section with both little terror and impassioned interest. While in that location were many unfortunate instances in the novel, I feel most go by the monsters plight and loneliness, as it was not difficult to feel empathy for a lonesome individual seeking a partner in life later, the murder of Victors married woman was also a highly moving and unfortunate element in terms of my emotional retort to the novel.In reading Fosters How to Read Literature like a Professor there were a number of features that aided and enhanced my interpretation of the novel. While I had experience examining symbols and latent meanings in novels from high school English classes, the books discussion of symbols really helped reframe

Wars and Interest Rates in the United Kingdom, Essay

Wars and interest Rates in the United Kingdom, - Essay ExampleThe classical approach takes investment to be a function of interest calculate directly whiles the Keynesians economists note this relationship to be a product of multiplier effect (Mankiw 73).There is significant evidence that the UK economy in the 1920s was emphatic on the disposition to maintain the value of Sterling at its pre-war level of $4.86. This political move survived during the war but at the end US dollar gained prominence leading to significant inflation. It is explained that inflation affects interest rates since it raises familiar prices of goods and services. The case of United Kingdom during the specified period that was marred with war gives a clear painting of the influence of interest rate in the aggregate economic direction of the country. Macroeconomic policies on placed exchange rate policy indicated that fiscal instruments are at play. Mankiw generally discusses the significance of interest r ate in determining level of investment and subsequent rate of economic

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques - Essay ExampleA typical worry solving transit may look like thisThis process is simply inline with the rational ending make process and there argon typical practical aras where the formal decision qualification of such process is required in terms of project management. These decision areas include estimation of costs, selection of various tools to be used, selection of the vendors who will be providing various equipment and services etc. However, decision making falls inside two broader areas of decision making. These are progress decisions as intumesce as adoption decisions. Progress decisions are basically taken in locate to assess whether the project is meeting the assigned targets whereas adoption decisions are concerned about adding new goals to it.As discussed above that there area various models available which decision analysts use. Decision analyst attempt to construct models of various decision situations. These models use most ly various mathematical tools such as graphics, equations and flow diagrams etc. The aim is always to provide various decision making parameters.In its essence, decision digest is a technique based on the set of statistical techniques however latest trends in the decision making process involve a broader view of the decision analysis while recognizing the contribution being made to the different phases of decision making process. The use of software is withal another option which is being used for decision making purpose. These softwares include spreadsheets, statistics packages and different financial role model packages. Specialized softwares are also available for the use. These softwares include decision pro, Precision Tree as well as Crystal Ball etc.These software help a lot in order to better formalize the decision making process within the organization and help to make it more than on rational decision making models. It is also very

Geochemistry of natural waters Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Geochemistry of natural peeings - Term Paper ExampleHowever thither a lot of evidence of human make that either positively or negatively touch on the whole cycle. Therefore in studying geochemistry of natural waters we leave try to explain how the water cycle, the mark original matters its importance, the behavior of some poop components and their interactions (Benites, 2005). The geological process involves a series of actions where desirous molten material coming to the earths surface from the interior forms igneous rocks which are accordingly broken down by weathering to create soil and the sedimentary rocks. The geologic cycle is a incarnate term used to describe complex interactions between component sub-cycles of the tectonic, hydrologic and biological cycling of elements. These sub-cycles will influence each other and in the end result to natural hazards and other processes which may be heavy to the environmental geology e. g primer coat water flow. Soil chemical science and soil fertility Soil Chemistry Soil being the top layer of the earths crust supports the growth of some total matter and is made up of components such as pH, nutrient level plus the organic nitty-gritty which in the end determines the type of the soil (Regina, 2006). However the factors listed above will either vary depending on the type of crop which grows in that soil type and within a given geographic location. These factors will result to different soil quality types and the soil quality hind end be best dictated by conducting soil test. Soil can be modified to suit other purposes such as farming. This can be done in several ways such as liming. This is the use of linden tree powder that will be spread on the soil to alter the pH of the soil. This is made accomplishable because of the presence of Calcitic limestone (CaCo3) (Tan, 2011). This is usually a good source of Calcium and neutralizes the soil acidity. For plants survival on that point are nutrients to facilitate the growth the three most important being Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen which can be obtained in large quantities from the atmosphere and water surrounding the plant that is ground water. Therefore the ground water plays a big role in the whole cycle. Soil chemistry began with early observations by experimenters. The first study was by J. Thomas. With time came to prove that, it is indeed true that soils can retain cations in exchange for equal amount of Calcium (Ca2+) ions (Tan, 2011). Soil Fertility With the term soil fertility we extend to to that situation where a given type of soil is very rich in nutrients such as potassium nitrogen and phosphorous which are requirements for plant nutrition. With it also would be sufficient minerals and soil organic matter (Cuevas, 1994). The mineral traces are majorly for plant nutrition while the organic matter helps to improve the soil structure and enable the soil retain more moisture. Fertile soils have a good soil structure, f acilitating proper drainage. However some soils are known to be wetter and retain more water content than others. Soil formation in itself is a very long process and can say up to 100-10000 years for a single inch to be formed. This can be attributed to several factors such as climate, topography living organisms and most important is the parent material. The parent material result from the breakdown of rocks or from the deposits by

The Theory Of Gentrification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Theory Of Gentrification - act ExampleThe theory of gentrification and the rent gap (Smith 1979), suggests there has been a great deal of pressure for counter kind in some parts of the city. This paper argues that storey matters to how gentrification unfolds in Boston and this explains the pressures that have led to change in that Bostons gentrifying neighborhoods.Smith (1979, 538) states that after a period of sustained deterioration, many cities in America are experiencing gentrification of certain central city neighborhoods. He states that the initial signs of revival in the mid-fifties grew in 1960s and by 1970s had caused widespread gentrification that affected most of the older cities in the country. The foregoing issues of sustained deterioration acted that occurred in American cities over time shows a historical aspect that influenced the changes in terms of gentrification in the country. The signs of revival that were recorded in the American cities between the 1950s and the 1960s dissemble the pressures that led to the cities gentrifying neighborhoods.Lewis (1979, 23) states, History matters to the structure and look of a landscape. We inherit a landscape, which forms the basis for any changes, or developments we subsequently make. Change itself is uneven (historically lumpy). Lewis clearly shows that history contributes to the manner in which a landscape changes. A landscape cannot just change without an influence. There moldiness be some past issues that influence how a city changes. The history might be desirable or not but either of them influences how a city changes. If the history is desirable, it will contribute to positive change in terms of improvement from the past. However, if the history is undesirable, it will influence the city to change considerably aiming for desirable outcomes. However, this does not mean that the change must be consistent because generally, change is uneven. In Boston, for instance, history has played a majo r factor in terms of is gentrification. Originally, the city was a forested land.

Government Spying Essay Example for Free

Government Spying EssayAustin Bryan Period-1 http//www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/ intelligence operation/2006/intell-060101-voa01.htm In some instances, governments believe that it is okay to spy on their citizens in order to preserve their freedom. I personally find this concept to be absurd. Living in a country thats report is founded upon freedom of its citizens, and escaping oppression of tyrant governments, leaves me very skeptical on this concept. I believe that if the government is maculation on its citizens it is actually taking away their freedom rather than preserving it. Living in an era of change magnitude technology has do it much easier for a government to spy on its citizens. Because of this, it has become a difficulty in many places around the world. Think about back in elementary school when you had pen pals from other countries.How would you feel if the government was able to intrude on your personal life just because you made contact abroad? For us in the States, a government spying on its citizens sounds pretty ill right? In 2006 president Bush did just that by enabling a Government cry Tap. President Bush thought in order to preserve citizens freedoms that is was justified to intercept into multitudes phones and emails. The only people that were supposed to be the recipients of phone tapings where those who were making calls abroad, particularly to surmise al-Qaida connections.Not only is this a complete violation of peoples constitutional rights and privacy, but Bush too neglected the need for a warrant in this instance. To this day many immigrants from other countries come to America seeking asylum from oppressive governments. America is supposed to be a safe haven where peoples rights and privacy are protected under the constitution. Acts of government espionage upon its own citizens like this are totally unacceptable. I believe that the only way from a government to protect its citizens freedom is to complianc y everyones freedom regardless of circumstances.

Inspirational Leaders Essay Example for Free

Inspirational Leaders EssayIn 1994, the internet was fresh in the market, and it did not incorporate commerce in its operations. As a result, he saw an opportunity for a new business network, and after doing research, he made a decision of creating a space in the internet where books could be viewed by the public. This led to the creation of amazon in 1995. Today, virago is all-inclusively prospering and has had a great impact on the organisational husbandry of internet business. Jeff Bezos is considered to be the part of e-commerce, remain a pi angiotensin-converting enzymeer in the industry (Inc, 2009). This paper go forth discuss how the purification of Amazon has changed as a result of Jeff Bezos presence today, among many things, the public rump view full book lists on Amazon, a mission that was impossible before the early 1990s. Organizational Culture Organizational refinement tush be related to how an organization organizes itself based on its rules and beliefs therefore, culture gives an organization an identity. The behavioral patterns of an organization ar represented in their norms according to Kratschmer (2011, p. 2), organizational culture includes values that argon sh ard among the members of an organization.Needless to say, organizational culture can be changed. Kratschmer (2011, p. 3) adds that, organizational culture can be changed and lead to success, only if rise up managed. In addition, resistance to change is expected in any organization mainly because the employees are already attached to the existing culture indeed, they may resist change for fear of the unknown. Needless to say, changes in organizational culture can be of great benefit, for instance, it may contri just nowe to new knowledge and skills for the employees, and productivity is achieved by means of motivating employees.Fin entirelyy, as employees adapt to change, flexibility is achieved, which leads to improvement. However, for organizational culture to b e successful, effective leaders mustiness be in place. Culture is very important, as it promotes healthy competition at the place of work, hence motivating employees to perform. A healthy culture promotes employees interaction at the place of work, therefore uniting them condescension their different cover songgrounds. Providing employees with a favorable working place increases their productivity. Schein (2010, p. 80) adds that, the shared values and beliefs in an organization are important, as they determine how goals are met.Moreover, a strong culture retains talents, engages employees, creates energy, changes how work is viewed, and contributes towards cooperation at the place of work. Jeff Bezos is nonpareil of the few inspirational leaders who have contributed to change of culture in Amazon, leading to the success of the business. Amazon and change in organizational culture When Jeff Bezos discovered the potential of the internet in 1994, nothing held him back from introdu cing commerce in the system he abandoned a nearly-paying job and concentrated on Amazon. Today, amazon. com is one of the internet giants, fostering online retail and an e-reader.Indeed, he is among the founders of e-commerce (Inc, 2009). Within 30 days, he had sold books in all the American states and in 45 countries, with sales worth $20,000 weekly. Since then, the growth of Amazon continuously accelerated, but it 1997, he announced that the company would be unprofitable for some time. However, in 2003, Amazon made its first yearly profit, contributing to revenue of $4billion by 2008 (Inc, 2009). The company has embraced e-commerce, and Bezos will to start an online bookstore has yielded to a diverse endurance of books. Today, he is the founder and chief executive officer of Amazon. com.According to Katzenbach (2008, p. 6), Jeff Bezos insists on fostering positive motivation, which does not involve money. Employees are likely to be motivated to performing their tasks if they are committed and disciplined. Ensuring that respect is fostered among employees will help in maintaining a positive working environment. Amazon. com recognizes employees effort by giving a proper(postnominal) employee an award on monthly basis for the capability of making significant savings. Amazons culture includes an informal, but effective environment, one that involves fun this company is obsessed with customers.Therefore, it continuously improves its website and its systems with an aim of serving customers rapidly and reliably. It likewise strives to maintain its culture, which includes talented personnel, who are creative and innovative in finding solutions to challenges (Lussier, 2011, p. 56). Therefore, it is evident that a strong culture is influenced by effective leadership. According to Dubrin (2011, p. 291), the strong organizational culture fosters quality, productivity and morale such a culture values human dignity, and therefore, it fosters job satisfaction and inc reases employee motivation.Jeff Bezos has noted that a culture that involves experimentation is crucial in the continuously changing world. Invention may lead one to paths that are considered weird by the world (Dubrin, 2011, p. 291). Before the existence of Amazon, click shopping did not exist these are some of the changes brought about by Amazon. The company also deals with online shopping for electronics, computers movies, games, music, as well as books. Amazon, macrocosm one of the web giants, implies that an effective leader must be diverse, being behind such a company that started very small and transformed into a giant.Bezos is regarded as visionary, but he is keen that his employees consider the demanding schedules weekly management meetings are set with his managers. In addition, he encourages his employees to be innovative, and a reward design has been implemented that rewards innovative employees (Zakomurnaya, 2007). Moreover, the company hires intelligent and innovati ve personnel indeed, Bezos would alternatively not hire anyone rather than hire the wrong person. Bezos is also approachable and easy -going, which makes him an effective leader.In 2007, Amazon introduced a hand-held electronic book reader, which uses E-ink to bring out a print-like appearance and has no strain on the eyes. In addition, the introduction of I-pad to the world was seen as direct competition for Amazon, therefore, Jeff introduced Kindle Fire, which shares many of the same features as I-pad, but is much cheaper. The Amazon kindle combust is an e-book reader, which is a small hand-held device this is as a result of technological advances. Nevertheless, these e-book devices are expensive, but advantageous compared to paper copy indeed, technology has changed in the digital reading world. some some other advantage is that these e-readers can be borrowed from libraries. According to Mc Graw Hill (N. d, p. 3), kindle fire is warlike compared to other e-book readers. In 2007, Amazon. com created a successful e-bookstore that allowed client access from any computer or from e-book reader model. Amazon has therefore made book reading easier, and the kindle e-book can be referred to as published. Amazon. com offers a collection of to a higher place two million free e-books with titles therefore, Amazon has succeeded in improving the digital world by providing e-book readers, which assist online clients in accessing digital e-books.For instance, the kindle e-Book reader has a rechargeable battery, which is create in and has a wide internal storage that can fit 1000 full-length books (Mc Graw Hill, N. d, p. 5). Another advantage of owning kindle fire e-book reader is that, the kindler-formatted e-books are easily accessed. In addition, kindle fire can be used as a form of an entertainment device, which allows one to surf the web, send, and receive emails, among other functions. Therefore, Amazons Kindle fire is a device of many functions, which is a c ompetition for I-pad among other devices.Amazon prime is a membership program, which enables individuals to receive unlimited fast rapture. Members enjoy a variation of services, which include unlimited and instant blow of above 10,000 movies and television shows. Amazon prime offers a wide variety of kindle books through the kindle lending library members who own kindle devices benefit much from reading and borrowing books for free. In addition, members of Amazon prime enjoy free shipping for orders that are above $25, a relatively good deal for customers.Moreover, Amazon prime enables one to try free shipping for one month, and ensures that customers save by spending less, and save time by guaranteeing two day shipping. It also provides unlimited deliveries, hence guaranteeing convenience. Big online shoppers benefit the most, and this is because of the unlimited deliveries that guarantee quality of members money. With a range of low-cost entertainment, free movies, free kindl e e- books, and a two-day shipping for only $75, Amazon prime is a affable program. Therefore, Jeff Bezos intervention has led to a variety of services and products that blow the clients minds away.It is this transformation from a small go-ahead to an internet giant that has led to a change in culture at Amazon. Conclusion Jeff Bezos, the founder and the chief executive officer of Amazon. com is a visionary, and has contributed to the success of this company through motivating employees with rewards, as well as ensuring that customers demands are met. He is an inspiring leader, and despite the fact that he does not value communication, he believes in the just-do-it aspect that motivates employees to perform.Jeff is not limited to only e-books, he has also engages in online retailing of music, movies, clothes, and streaming television shows. The unveiling of kindle fire in 2007 is among his achievements Amazon prime has also been a competitive advantage for the company and has attr acted many members. A strong organization culture requires an effective leader Amazon is one successful company that has been influenced by an inspirational leader. Indeed, Jeff has contributed to various changes in the organization, which have contributed to successful culture in the organization.

The Age of Oversharing Essay Example for Free

The Age of Oversharing EssayMy battery in my phone is dying or Oh, he bear lift but tidy sumt text back? is what floods chirrup users timeline on a passing(a) basis. Meghan Daum refers to this as the Age of Oversharing in her essay I Dont entertain a Tweet What Youre Doing, where she sarcastically dissects the contr all oversies behind chitter and how nearly fourteen million users cede entirely abandoned Twitters initial function to serve as an info conduit among close friends and family (233). Along with her beliefs of Twitter adding to our already compromised intersomebodyal skills she carries the tone of being bitter and harsh end-to-end her essay as she evaluates the many answers to the question what ar you doing? with a better question what the hell are we doing? Although Twitter serves to connect others instantly it ceases human interaction almost instantly as well. We live in a world where everything around us is done almost instantly and much conveniently. Prime examples, fast(a) food restaurants, self-serve salad bars, fast thirty day weight lost results and JG Wentworths its my currency and I need it nowWe expect everything around us to force out at a fast railyard and that is exactly what is happening on Twitter, what you ate for breakfast, what article you read during lunch and your favorite show you decide every night before bed is now being shared with the world instantly with the pokey of a button. Daum refers to this as the Age of Oversharing, consecutive irrelevant post right after another which completely defeats the purpose of solely connecting with love ones not only because of geographical dispersions but also the reality of routine work and school commitments.Researchers at Harvard came up with studies that explain how Twitter has contributed to the Age of Oversharing and that is because nearly eighty share of tweets on Twitter are of ones own immediate experiences. This is because researchers found that the act of disclosing information about oneself activates the same sensation of pleasure in the brain that we get from eating food, getting money or having sex (Susan 2). That explains why every time I check my timeline someone either is willingly announcing that they are on the bus this morning for work or what kind of cereal that had this morning .I admit I am guilty of also tweeting about the day I just had or how I terminatenot wait for class to be over so I can watch basketball game Wives later that night on VH1. Our constant tweets reveal to our followers what we are truly about. Twitter can be obnoxious at times, constantly clearing irrelevant tweets from your followers on a daily basis. Daum takes the time to evaluate Twitter as if it were a person, stating that Twitter would be an emotionally shaky personthat person we avoid at parties (233). She goes further to add that Twitter will be the person we would view as mentally ill and will eventually feel sorry for.Her tone here t owards Twitter is depicted as being fed up with users disclosed thoughts of ones self. Daum examines these tweets as unstable and this is unmixed because if you take away the whole purpose and backbone of Twitter, it is just mostly users microblogging their every move and thought. Looking at the bigger picture this is when I dont give a tweet what youre doing becomes notable. It is accredited that we all have that one friend that constantly rambles about something either haphazard or irrelevant. My friend Bobby is that friend that mirrors Daums reflection of Twitter as a person.For instance, Bobby is always looking for attention and if no one is giving it to her she splats out something pointless just like most Twitter users do. I would or else not answer her phone calls because she can go on about herself and be sick off upon pointless conversations becoming the tragic oversharer we would all like to avoid. Today since gestures like a rove hello or a polite smile are now bei ng used more openly than before in emoticons through social networks, face to face interaction between stack has now diminished.Daum asks the question of, are we tweeting because we truly want to communicate with a select group of true friends, or because typing has replaced talking? Being that free thoughts and videos are now instantly streaming to friends and family over Twitter, there leaves little room for story telling of a series of unfortunate events that can change course in a 140 character text box. It seems many prefer typing over talking, this can also explain the oversharing on social networks. Daum argues that we have misused Twitter for what it is really worth alternatively of spoken words they are typed.I see this in my best friend Stephanies family where favors and questions for each(prenominal) other are preferred typed. Just last week I was over, Stephanies older sidekick sent her a tweet asking her where is the remote? Spoken communication becomes absent as c onnecting online becomes apparent more and more. Collectively, more ideas are being typed instead of spoken and excessive feelings are being squeezed into emoticons rather than expressed in person. In I Dont Give a Tweet What Youre Doing Daum argues that this generation has entered the Age of Oversharing and has left the age of the telephone. Obnoxious and pointless tweets fed our egos.

Development Phase Essay Example for Free

Develop handst Phase EssayIn our group we started to nonplus the life of billy goat Johnson and his triumph to becoming a war hero. nightstick is an over confidante young assemble whom decides to join the war due to all the advertisement and belief gain his begetter. truncheon is convinced by propaganda that war allow for bring him loads of girls, fame and fortune and is gullible enough to take the risk and mystify his life on the line for un-thought of consequences. Unfortunately for Billy, little does he know that this decision volition manoeuver him to his cowardly death in the depth of the war. In my group we focused on showing how severe war stick out be and how you can be extremely b ard up and all of a sudden, that hype is shattered at the sounds of bullets blazing overhead. We used many elements of drama to express and enhance our piece. We started hit our piece by having the whole family at the dinner table and the father (Umar) hands out the nonice to Bi lly (me). This automatically kick starts Billys thoughts of becoming a hero and births himself believe that he is unstoppable. Billys mum (Zeynap) and his younger infant (Marion) are shocked at the thought of Billy going into war especially at a young age of 16.This prospect develops many emotions because the family are shocked scarcely also disappointed at the father for filling Billys head with false hope. This starts off the reality of war because people dont theorize approximately the casualties war can bring upon us. In Billys eyes it is a chance to become a real man and prove his m otherwise and sister wrong that he can succeed and become a war hero. To show the different emotions flowing with each characters mind, we used thought tracking. We used this technique because we entangle it is the best way for a character to express their feelings. Each member of the family expressed how they felt nearly Billy going to war so it was a good fancy because the audition cou ld scram some information about the current mood of each character.In the second scene Billy went over to his mate throngs (Umar) house to try and convince him to join the army as well. This scene shows how Billy is similarly over confidante at the thought of war and it makes mob see that Billy has his head in the clouds. James tries to remind Billy how dangerous war can be but Billy is too consistent on becoming a war hero. After a matter of convincing, Billy in the end manages to get James to agree a chance to become famous and join Billys side on the battlefield. This scene shows how people can be peer-pressured into activities and how your friends word isnt always correct than your gut feeling.In the ternary scene we have Billy and James signing up for war. This scene was rather interesting because you can clearly see that Billy is real excited but James is rather doubtful at the thought of survival. Billy has to lie about his age to get signed up but it doesnt really matt er to Billy because his cockiness seems to get the better of him as he lies through his teeth. When he sees how dying(p) James is he decides to wait and encourage James to sign up.Then as Billy urges James forward, James has a monologue, which explains to the listening that James only wants to help people, not kill them. I think that Umar played this part of the scene very well because he reaches out and really touch the audience with his emotions towards war. In the monologue James shows how he is scared and nervous about going to war and is really re-thinking signing up. Unfortunately for him Billy is too focused on getting them both to war so poor James doesnt really have a chance to tell Billy his feelings.The forth scene was a very intense scene. This scene takes place on the boat, which our brave spends are heading off to war. We introduce a new character in this scene. Matthew (Zeynap) is a rather brave and confidante character, mostly a resemblance to Billy. Matthew appro aches the free seat next to James but is rudely told to go away by a very frustrated James. Billy lets him sit down and Matthew and Billy begin to talk about how Great War will be. Then suddenly James snaps back to reality and starts to state the unmistakable about how dangerous war can and will be. Billy tries to calm James down but to no avail. This scene was very affective because the scene was quite to start of with then James starts to ill-use and it livens up the tempo. As James exits the scene, both Matthew and Billy are left awkwardly deep in their thoughts.In our fifth scene we were situated in a crosscutting dill-lemma. In one scene we had James and Billy back to back in the trenches showing how scared they were and how terrified they both looked. On the other hand we had the mother and little sister back at home thinking about the devil boys and how reminding themselves how safe they will be. This scene helped to emprise our true emotions towards war and how war can li terally make or break you. The family scene was focused on how positive the war will be and how both family members had right faith In Billy and his courage to succeed. The mother was reassuring the little daughter that Billy will be safe and he will come back a real man.Then we go and look at the two boys in the trenches. You can see that both of them are terrified at the thought of war and will become emotionally depressed. We tried to use the technique of limiting lyric poem to try and make the scene more affective because the audience would see my the facial gestures that these two boys are really terrified and may regret the thought of joining the war. Throughout this scene it is clear the audience that everybody is human and even the strongest soldier can even get scared at the sight of men screaming and dieing before their very own eyes.Our sixth scene was the most emotional and exciting scene. In the scene Billy falls to his cowardly death. We tried to make this scene as e motional and despicable to the audience because they see the fear in Billy. This scene starts off by Billy asking his fashion plate soldiers, was it the right decision going to war. James shoots back at him by reminding Billy that this was all his idea and he should face the music. As the cornel (Marion) notifies that its time to shape up and head into the battlefield, every soldier holds their breath, and charges for what could be their last few minutes on this Earth. But then all the focus turns to a whining, shameless Billy Johnson.After all his courage able talk, Billy whimpers in the corner of the trench, loath to charge. His cornel shouts at Billy and tells him to get up immediately. Billy refuses and back talks. This shocking coward ness form a soldier leads to Billys cowardly death. This scene proves to the audience that even the most cockily people can be overpowered by fear. It made me really feel for Billy as I played this scene because his father encouraged him that w ar will make him a hero. It made me realise that Billy was just a young boy trying to impress his family and make a small difference in this world. As Billys life ends, the next scene shows the after shock of this disgusting news.Our final scene shows how the thought of never hearing a family members voice, touching their skin or even smelly their scent can make you wish death upon you. This scene was very emotional because you can see how upset and distraught the familys reactions were towards Billys death. These sorts of moments will always be remembered as emotional crashes in out lives. It makes us realise that you got to hold onto and be grateful for what you have because you dont know what you have until its gone.In this project I have learnt a pass out about the affects of war, the ups and downs and most importantly the way the human mind functions. This play made me realise that not everything is as exciting or rewarding as its said to be and we should think fully through o ur decisions before we make them.

Full case study analysis of a company (Apple) Essay Example for Free

Full case study psychoanalysis of a confederacy (Apple) EssayLocating the company in its environment. This is where you set the scene and so you should cater a brief overview of the company (from your own research or the case material provided). Put the company in its context, which go away be international or global. At this point you will start to practice the various analytical tools available to tell me about the environmental opportunities and constraints operating on the company and its industry. PESTEL is the common device plighted.You should also analyze the characteristics of the industry and business in which the company has to compete and here you should employ the 5 Forces of Competition analysis carried out in some analytical depth. Note You could go forth from this first base analysis with a PARTIAL SWOT, which is drawing out the opportunities and threats facing the firm.After having analyzed the companys environment, the focus moves to the company itself by conducting an internal analysis where the objective is to identify the capabilities and resources developed by the company. This will be carried out through the application of some well tried analytical instruments, such as the value chain, the threshold and distinctive resources and competencies framework and the VRIO framework.Note You should be able by now to staring(a) the above SWOT analysis by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the company. Finally, you should now be able to define the competitive function of the company in relation to the Generic Strategy chosen.Part twain The selection of strategic optionsYou should emerge from this Phase with an inquiry based view of your companys level of business success and what it must(prenominal) do to sustain that success and continuously improve. Which are the main options for growth? To answer this question you butt refer to the Ansoff Matrix and if the company is part of a larger diversified corporation to the Bost on Consulting stem (BCG) Matrix. Somewhere in this phase you will need to appraise the companys financial give tongue to of health using well-established measures of efficiency and profitability.But please take note that we do not plow finance in our twelve weeks together but my expectation is that your studies in corporate finance (Financial account and Management) should equip you to include a commentary on Apple financial predicament.Part ternary Your strategic solutions for the companys ongoing healthNow that you have derived a picture of your Companys state of health, can it be improvedwhat medicine can you offer? So, phase/part three is about Strategic options for the future. There could be many but which strategic option/s would you recommend and why? Are you happy that your choices are derived from your systematic analysis of the company at Phases one and two? Are they feasible?Can they be resourced?Can they be implemented and sustained?

An argument against abortion in relation to considering the mothers well being Essay Example for Free

An argument against abortion in likeness to con placering the mothers well being EssayAbortion is a highly-debated topic in society today. People on each side of the argument have very strong views. They each make good points that are valid. But they often go so far as to harass the other side of the debate, they openly attack the people with beliefs the opposite of their own. In this particular debate, were arguing the totality of inhibitionning abortion with or without an censure to the negative. This exception is regarding the health of the mother. The yes side of the argument says that it was constitutional to ban abortion outright. They intrust in the constitutionality of the ban even without a clause of exception for the health of the mother. This means that even if the mothers health is in close at hand(predicate) danger, even if she is in danger of dying, she still cannot get an abortion. These people believe that abortions are wrong and they entert even condone them when continuing the pregnancy could mean the mother would die. The strengths of their argument are that they believe abortion to be murder. Technic altogethery, if you believe that a fetus is a person then yes, it is murder. They believe that all murder is wrong, even if it would save the mother. The no-argument says that this ban is wrong in itself. It indispensablenesss to have an exemption to cling to the well-being of the mother. Theyre all for protecting the health of the mother. If the mothers life is in at hand(predicate) danger, then she should easily be able to get a legal abortion. Its not constitutional to ban abortion outright with no clause to protect the mother.A rational choice speculation would likely explain why so many people are against these exceptions in banning abortions. They esteem the life of this fetus is worth more than the mother. They believe this because the fetus has a whole life forrard of them while the mother has already lived through a number of years. They make the rational choice to esteem the life of the fetus over that of the mother.The most surprising thing about this argument is how vehemently the yes side argues that abortion is murder. They believe that an abortion is a murder even if that abortion would save the life of the mother. Thats ridiculous. Its not sporting to essentially end the life of the mother just to save the fetus. Youre violent death one to save the other. Thats their exact argument against abortion. They abhor abortion for killing the fetus exclusively in these instances, its killing the mother. So if either way, someone will die its not fair to automatically favor the mother like this. I understand that the no argument believes that these exceptions in the ban are not right but I disagree. I think that the exceptions are necessary. Its unfair to arbitrarily favor the wellbeing of the fetus over that of the mother. I think that exceptions to these abortion bans are absolutely necess ary. We need to provide clauses in case the wellbeing of the mother is in danger.

Logon Identification and Password System Essay Example for Free

Logon Identification and discussion establishment EssayThis is with file name extension to the managements approval to upgrade our Information Technology (IT) system or the structure of our computing machine processor in order to expedite the hospitals operational processing. As the Information System Director of this hospital, I highly recommend the introduction and/or implementation of a Logon Identification and Password System or what we may technically refer to as the LIPS. The LIPS, which exit be applied and carried out(a) in our central processing social unit, will require that once a mappingr enters into the system, the computer unit prompts or requires for a users name and password. The said details should have been previously registered in the system so that it will be recognized because if not, the user will be un fitted to use any computer unit of the hospital such as our desktop computers and laptops or notebooks. Once this pass is considered, the system will work in such a way that it will speed up the computer processing which concerns all the possible information of each patient particularly his or her health check records in the hospital.Additionally, the LIPS aims to lessen the workload of concerned hospital personnel because the processor or mainframe will simplify the works which need to be done such as the computer processing of patients admission, science lab results, billings and other related matters. Most importantly, the rationale behind this LIPS recommendation is the hospitals objective to admit and keep abreast with the technological demands and necessities of todays modern setting. In doing so, we will be able to provide our public with an exceptional hospital service. For your information and approval.

Imagine you are Directing Essay Example for Free

Imagine you are Directing EssayIntroduction I intend to study the Crucible by Arthur moth miller. I go out be looking at act 3, through the eyes of a director. The character I bequeath mainly be focusing on is Abigail Williams, a late teen who had committed adultery with the salutary thought of, can Proctor. The play was written in 1952 and was an in allegory of the political state of America below the supervision of Senator Joseph McCarthy.The play was set in 1692 in a god-fearing, puritan village that was isolated in the east of Massachusetts. This play is based upon the Salem witchcraft trials, two centuries before the book was written and wherefore the location of the play was thought of to be masking the anti-communist message it was portraying. The basis of the play is of a concourse of young female teens that had danced in the woods within the hours of darkness.Yet because of the beliefs that these acts were closely related to witchcraft, the readings of the bib le would give instruction them to hang all those who participated. Yet to avoid their own prosecution the blame was passed to many innocent people, including a West Indian slave, who because of her colour and belief in spells was an easy target and another was the wife of John Proctor. John himself then becomes the main suspicion of practicing witchcraft after the tables are turned once again.He was asked to give names of those he knows of having connections with the devil to save his own life, he refused to answer their questions as did miller when he was summoned before McCarthys House Un-American Activities Committee. This was very similar to the condition of America around the earlier 1950s when the country was in a situation of corruption. Many innocent people had come to a gritty end, after scapegoats that were part of McCarthys House Un-American Activities Committee, could prove them guilty on the flimsiest of evidence.Stage excogitate I have chosen the below layout becau se I believe it gives the best possible chance for all of the characters to be seen and heard clearly throughout this act. Dramatic Techniques As a director the dramatic techniques of Miller Display complete essay The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of scarper is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Business Plan Essay Example for Free

Business Plan EssayIV. Description of Venturea. ServicesBC position Forum is dedicated in selling properties of the acquired assets of the banks through bidding. Our main goal is to help our clients e in particular to those who atomic number 18 working abroad to have a good investments in owning a property. Our area partners are specially trained in doing gross revenue talk in their clients by providing helpful information about the property. alike property location, property size, and any other information describing the property. We will fork up our outmost service to provide the needs of our clients. b. Size of BusinessBC Property Forum is a small size wrinkle that has 20 to 99 employees. This business is privately owned by partnership type of business.c. Office Equipment and personnel departmentThe office equipment needed First are computers for recording, keeping and back-up of files and records. Second Telephones and Faxes for communication with the clients. Third are printers for stamp of records and files. Fourth are photocopying machines for copying of files and lastly are air cons to make people comfortable.The business purely chooses our personnel especially for our area partners and in-house partner. We will have are partners that are good in doing sales talk and well trained. We will also hire people for Secretary, IT and Messengers. As owners, we do not exigency to have problems with our clients that will lower our clients trust.d. Background of EntrepreneurPresident Jenifer VelardeJenifer Velarde is received Magna seeded player Laude with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Management at the University of the Philippines. She was chosen to be the professorship because of her abilities of handling a business very well and resolving problems.Vice President Enrico C. VeluzEnrico C. Veluz is locally cognize to have many a(prenominal) small businesses within areas in Manila. He also polishd at the University of the Phili ppines and took up Business Management. He also received an award as an Outstanding Entrepreneur last year.fiscal Manager Elenaire PuzonElenaire Puzon is a graduate of Financial Management in the Mapua Institute of Technology. He is an undergo accumulator register and good in preparing of financial statements and accounts in different companies.Secretary Bea Faye LibiranBea Faye Libiran is a graduate of Adamson University and took up Marketing. She is an experienced secretary since she has worked on different big companies such as RCBC and Makisig Group of Companies.Area Partners Jake Esguerra and Ryan RedectoJake Esguerra is a graduate of University of Makati and took up Marketing. He is a In-House Partner Frangelo Alejandro and John OrnezaIT Lawrence Penalba and Mikko Ray VictoriaMessenger Jomaric SantosJomaric Santos is a graduate of University of Makati and took up V. Marketing Plan (Condominium Units, House Lot, Lot, Building, Res/Commercial)a. PricingAs we reassess th e acquired assets of the banks, we will be meeting halfway with the bank to provide a better price.b. DistributionSince we offer service, distribution is not relevant.c. PromotionBC Property Forum will conduct promotion through denote. The type of advertising will be using print advertising like magazines, newspaper, posters, brochures and flyers. This would help our company to be accepted by our customers since we offer services for them. We will also plan to develop our own website of the company to crowd the services we have. Those promotions will be of great help to our company to be well established in the business industry.d. Product and ForecastsThe 1st month will be for the set up of the business. On the second month, the company office will be in order ready to start. On the next month, many costumers are satisfying the services to an increase in sales every year.e. ControlsBased on the mart segmentation that BC Property Forum has established, we will require constant u pdates in terms of the possible sizes, distributions, and purchasing patterns of the quality conscious, technology utilizing executive markets. We will use our historical performance to establish a customer database containing this information. This will allow BC Property Forum to target customers more efficiently as a result of actual experience. Furthermore, as our customer service and follow-up are keys to establishing retained customers, the trade database will allow us to divide the potential needs of customers.

Singapore Education Essay Example for Free

capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore statement showSingapore is wholeness of Asias great success stories, transforming itself from a puzzleing hoidenish to a forward-looking industrial parsimony in nonp beil generation. During the last decade, Singapores breeding clay has remained corpseatic solelyy at or near the top of most major cosmea development ranking trunks. This chapter examines how this diminutive red dot on the map has actiond and sustained so much, so quickly. From Singapores beginning, preparation has been seen as central to building both the deliverance and the solid ground. The objective was to serve as the railway locomotive of piece capital to drive stinting stirth.The ability of the government to successfully match supply with read of instruction and skills is a major source of Singapores competitive advantage. Other elements in its success admit a clear vision and belief in the centrality of teaching method for stude nts and the nation persistent political get goingers and alignment mingled with policy and practice a snap on building teacher and lead capacity to deliver reforms at the school level ambitious standards and assessments and a culture of continuous advantage and future orientation that benchmarks educational practices against the best in the military man.7 SINGAPORE RAPID IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWED BY whole surgical operation 160 OECD 2010 STRONG PERFORMERS AND no-hit REFORMERS IN reproduction LESSONS FROM PISA FOR THE UNITED STATES INTRODUCTION When Singapore became independent in 1965, it was a poor, small ( to the highest degree 700 km2), tropical island with few natural resources, little fresh water, speedy creation growth, substandard housing and recurring con? ict among the ethnic and religious groups that made up its population. At that time thither was no compulsory education and altogether a small number of laid-back school and college graduates and skil direct wor kers.To twenty-four hour arrest, Singapore is a gleaming global hub of trade, ? nance and transportation. Its transformation from third world to ? rst in one generation is one of Asias great success stories (Yew, 2000). All children in Singapore receive a minimum of 10 eld of education in one of the countrys 360 schools. Singapores students were among the top in the world in mathematics and science on the Trends in International Math and Science Study (TIMSS) in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007. They came fourth in literacy in the 2006 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS).Their excellence is further underlined by the fact that Singapore was one of the top- acting countries in the 2009 PISA survey (Table 7. 1 and convention 7. 1), the ? rst PISA survey in which it participated. Singapore was rated as one of the best performing education systems in a 2007 McKinsey study of teachers (Barber and Mourshed, 2007), and was rated ? rst in the 2007 IMD World Competitiveness Y earbook (IMD, 2007) for having an education system that best meets the requires of a competitive economy.At the higher education level, the National University of Singapore was class-conscious 34th in the world and 4th in Asia in the TimesHigher Education subjoining Rankings of World Universities in 2010 (Times Higher Education Supplement, 2010). How has this little red dot on the map, as Singaporeans oftentimes refer to their country, a nation that is not even 50 geezerhood old, take ond from a backwater undeveloped economy into a world economical and educational leader in such a short decimal point of time? What education policies and practices has Singapore employed? And are the lessons from Singapores experience relevant for other countries? This chapter attempts to provide some answers to these questions. First, however, we look at the broader context.Table 7. 1 Singapores mean lots on reading, mathematics and science scales in PISA PISA 2000 PISA 2003 PISA 2006 PIS A 2009 Mean earn Mean score Mean score Mean score Reading 526 Mathematics 562 Science 542 Source OECD (2010), PISA 2009 Volume I, What Students Know and Can Do Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science, OECD Publishing. 1? 2? http//dx. doi. org/10. 1787/888932366731 Under British colonial rule, from 1819 onwards, Singapore developed as a major seaport at the mouth of the Malacca Straits, on the merchant vessels lanes between Britain, India and China.During this period, it attracted largenumbers of immigrants, primarily from southern China, India and the Malay Archipelago. At independence from Britain in 1959 and then(prenominal) separation from Malaysia in 1965, Singapore had no assets other than its deepwater port. in that location was no real economy, no defence, and stewing tensions with neighbouring countries. Moreover, it had to import most of its food, water and energy.The Republic of Singapore seemed an unlikely candidate to be make a initiatory economic an d educational powerhouse. The risks facing this nation at birth the sense of political and economic photo to larger countries andglobal changes created a sense of urgency which in? uences policy to this day. leeward Kuan Yew, Singapores ? rst Prime Minister, set out two overarching goals to build a clean economy and to create a sense of Singaporean national identity. He recruited the best and brightest people into his premature government and seek to hike up economic growth and job creation.In the 1960s, the emphasis was on attracting savvy-intensive foreign manufacturing to provide jobs for its low-skil direct workforce. In the 1970s and 1980s, a shift to much skill-intensive manufacturing led to an emphasis on practiced ?elds. From the mid-1990s on, Singapore has sought to acquire a player in the global friendship economy, encouraging more look for- and innovation-intensive diligence and desire to attract scientists and scienti? c companies from around the globe.The results of the governments economic policies piddle been stunning rapid economic growth to reach developed country levels and a per capita income in 2009 estimated at current market prices to be about SGP 52 000 (USD 39 000). One of the so- called Asian Tigers, Singapore is a free market, business-friendly and globally-oriented economy, shaped by anactive and interventionist government.7 SINGAPORE RAPID IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWED BY STRONG PERFORMANCE STRONG PERFORMERS AND undefeated REFORMERS IN EDUCATION LESSONS FROM PISA FOR THE UNITED STATES OECD 2010 161 The government of Singapore is a highly ef? cient, honest and ? exible meritocracy with a tight focus on integrated strategic planning and detailed execution. Dream, Design, Deliver aptly characterises its come along to policy development and implementation. Singapores small size and political stability (the same Peoples Action Party hasruled Singapore since Independence) guide kept the vision of making Singapore a great glob al city constant, but flummox likewise enabled it to be versatile in responding to chop-chop changing environments.With a small limited domestic market, Singapore has had to become highly integrated in the global economy. To survive several global recessions and the ever-present uncertainties of the global economy, continuous innovation has been essential. With respect to lee side Kuan Yews second goal of nation-building, early race riots led to a profound consignment to creating a multi-racial and multi-ethnic society.At independence, Singapore had quadruplex religious groups (Buddhist, Muslim, Taoist, Hindu and Christian) multiple ethnic groups (Singapores population is about 74% Chinese, 13% Malay, 9% Indian and 3% other) and no universal delivery. Nor did it study a common school system or a common curriculum. A series of measures were gradually come in in place to realise the Singapore pledge One united people regardless of race, vocabulary or religion. Singapore re cognises and teaches four of? cial languages Chinese, English, Malay and Tamil although English is the language of government and, since 1978, the intermediate of instruction inschools.1 Two years of compulsory national service unite diverse ethnic groups, as does the policy of mixing each group within the government-built housing where most Singaporeans live. This has helped vacate the racial and ethnic segregation that af? icts many countries. Schools play a major role in inculcating Singaporean values and character, and civic and example education play a major role in schools. Honesty, commitment to excellence, teamwork, discipline, loyalty, humility, national pride and an emphasis on the common good have been instilled passim government and society. absent other resources, human resources were and still are seen as the island republics most precious asset. Education was seen, from the beginning, as central to building both the economy and the nation. Its job was to delive r the human capital engine for economic growth and to create a sense of Singaporean identity. The economic goals of education have condition education policy a very pragmatic bent and a strong focus on scienti? c and skillful ?elds. Singapores education system has evolved over the past 40 years in tandem with the changing economy. SINGAPORES EDUCATION SYSTEM THE PATH TO BECOMING A LEARNING NATION.Over the past 40 years, Singapore has been able to raise its education level from one similar to that of many developing countries to match the best in the OECD. The current system did not erupt perfectly-formed, but has developed in three broad fleshly bodys as it was adapted to changing circumstances and ideas Survival-driven anatomy 1959 to 1978 According to then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, the aim of Singaporean education in its early days was to piddle a good man and a useful citizen. This ? rst strain of education has been dubbed the survival-driven phase.In thelate 1950s, 70 % of gross domestic product was from port and warehousing activities. This was not enough to sustain, let alone grow, the economy which was suffering from high population growth and signi? slang unemployment. The government decided that there was a need to expand the industrial base and, because of the small size of the domestic market, to make it export-oriented. It set about laborious to attract foreign manufacturers who needed low-skilled labour (e. g. textiles, garments, wood products), both to provide jobs and to gain expertise. Prior to independence, besides the af? uent were educated.At independence, most of Singapores two million people were illiterate and unskilled. Therefore the focus of this survival period was on expanding basic education as quickly as possible. Schools were built rapidly. Teachers were recruited on a large scale. The schools that had been established by contrasting ethnic groups were merged into a single Singaporean education system.A bilingual poli cy was introduced so that all children would learn both their own language and English. A textbook agency was created to provide textbooks. The expansion was so rapid that universal primary education was attained in 1965and universal lower secondary by the early 1970s. By the end of the survival-driven phase, Singapore had created a national system of public education.However, the quality of education was not very high. In the early 1970s, out of every(prenominal) 1 000 pupils entering primary stage one, only 444 reached secondary grade four afterward 10 years. And of these, only 350 (35% of the cohort) gained three or more pointes in O-level mental testings. A signi? cant report by Dutch economic advisor Dr Albert Winsemius estimated that every year between 1970 and 1975, Singapore would be short of 500 engineers and 1 000 skilfulworkers and would have a severe shortage of people with solicitude skills (Lee, et al. , 2008).The oil crisis 7 SINGAPORE RAPID IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWE D BY STRONG PERFORMANCE 162 OECD 2010 STRONG PERFORMERS AND favored REFORMERS IN EDUCATION LESSONS FROM PISA FOR THE UNITED STATES of 1973 and the increasing competition from other Asian countries for low-skilled, labour-intensive industry led to a growing realisation that Singapores comparative advantage was eroding and that it needed to evolve to a higher-skill economy. However, a large number of policy changes and changes of government ministers for education causedconfusion.Teacher morale was low and there was considerable attrition. Although there were attempts to expand vocational education, it had low status and was mentationed as a dumping ground. In 1979, a watershed education report highlighted the high dropout rates and low standards and ushered in the close phase of reform (Goh, 1979). Ef? ciency-driven phase 1979 to 1996 During this phase of education, the focus shifted. The governments economic strategy was to move Singapore from a third-league, labour-intensive e conomy to a second-league, capital and skill-intensive country.So in January 1979, a new education system was introduced. Singapore moved by from its earlier one-size-? ts-all approach to schooling that would create multiple pathways for students in order to reduce the drop-out rate, improve quality and produce the more technically-skilled labour force needed to achieve the new economic goals. Streaming (tracking) based on academic ability was introduced, starting in mere(a) schools, with the goal of enabling all students to reach their likely while recognising that all students do not grow academically at the same pace (Ho Peng,interview conducted for this report).Students could have more time, for example, to complete different stages of schooling. The multiple pathways included three types of high school i) academic high schools, which prepared students for college ii) polytechnic high schools that focused on advanced occupational and technical training and that could in lik e manner lead to college and iii) technical institutes that focused on occupational and technical training for the lowest ? fth of students.The Curriculum development Institute of Singapore was established to produce high-quality textbooks and instructional materials for the different pathways. While streaming was unpopular when it was introduced, drop-out rates did, in fact, decline signi? cantly by 1986, only 6% of students were leaving school with fewer than 10 years of education. 2 The range of efforts to raise standards also yielded results performance in the O-level English examinations went from a 60% failure rate to a 90% pass rate by 1984, and by 1995 Singapore led the world in mathematics and science on TIMSS. As Singapore sought to attract companies with a more sophisticated technological base (e.g. atomic number 14 wafers, computers), a major goal of this second phase was to produce technical workers at all levels. bear on about the low status of blue-collar jobs, from 1992 Singapore invested signi? cantly in the Institute for skilful Education (ITE calamity 7. 2). With a number of campuses around the city, the ITE provides high-quality technical and vocational education, with high-tech facilities and amenities that are comparable to those of newfangled universities elsewhere. Each technical ? eld is advised by industries in that sector to keep it current with changing demands and new technologies.New programmes can be built for multinational companies looking to locate in Singapore. There has been strong market demand for ITE graduates, and it is possible for the top graduates from the ITE to go on to polytechnics and then to university. As a result of these changes, the image and attractiveness of vocational education vastly improved. At the top end of the technical workforce, the number of university and polytechnic places was also expanded during this period to increase the pool of scientists and engineers.Ability-based, aspiration-driven phase 1997 to the present day By the early 1990s, the ef?ciency-driven education system had yielded clear results. But, as became clear during the Asian ? nancial crisis of 1997, the world economy was shifting to a global knowledge economy. The competitive framework of nations was being rede? ned and national progress would progressively be determined by the discovery and application of new and marketable ideas. The growth of the global knowledge economy required a paradigm shift in Singapores education system towards a focus on innovation, creativity and research.A key instrument as Singapore by design navigated towards the global knowledge economy has been thegovernment Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), which provides generous funding for research and aims to attract top scientists and scienti? c companies. One million foreign nationals with scienti? c, technical or managerial skills have been encouraged to work in Singapore in international corporations and in higher education. Singapores three universities, and e surplusly the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University, have research partnerships with leading universities around the world with a focus in selected ? elds,including bioinformatics, information sciences and medical technologies.At the school level, Singapore created a new educational vision, intellection Schools, skill Nation. This major milestone in Singapores education journey recognised Prime Minister Goh Chok Tongs belief that A nations wealth in the 21st century will depend on the capacity of its people to learn (Goh, 1979). Thinking Schools 7 SINGAPORE RAPID IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWED BY STRONG PERFORMANCE STRONG PERFORMERS AND SUCCESSFUL REFORMERS IN EDUCATION LESSONS FROM PISA FOR THE UNITED STATES OECD 2010 163represented a vision of a school system that can develop creative thinking skills, womb-to-tomb learning passion and nationalistic commitment in the young. Learning nation is a vis ion of learning as a national culture, where creativity and innovation ? ourish at every level of society (Lee et al. , 2008). Thinking Schools, Learning Nation encompassed a wide range of initiatives over a number of years that were designed to tailor education to the abilities and interests of students, to provide more ? exibility and choice for students and to transform the structures of education. public life paths and incentives for teachers were revampedand teacher education upgraded, as described in more detail later. Curricula and assessment changes put greater emphasis on project work and creative thinking. A major resource commitment, involving three ensuant master plans, was made to information and communication technology (ICT) as an enabler of new kinds of self-directed and collaborative learning. A broader array of subject matter courses was created for students and a portfolio of different types of schools has been encouraged, specialising in arts, mathematics and sc ience, and sports, as surface as a number of independent schools.We need a mountain range of excellence, not just one peak, to inspire all our young to ? nd their passions and climb as far as they can, explained Tharman Shanmugaratnam, then minister for Education (cited in Lee et al. , 2008). Major changes were also made in the management of schools. Moving away from the centralised top-down system of control, schools were organised into geographic clusters and given more autonomy. Cluster Superintendents successful occasion principals were appointed to mentor others and to promote innovation. Along with greater autonomy came new forms of accountability.The old inspection system was abolished and re move with a school excellence model. It was felt that no single accountability model could ? t all schools. Each school therefore sets its own goals and annually assesses its progress towards them against nine functional areas ? ve enablers, as well as four results areas in academic performance (Ng, 2008). 3 Every six years there is an external review by the School Appraisal Branch of the ministry of Education. Greater autonomy for schools also led to a laser-like focus on identifying and developing highly effective school leaders who can lead school transformation.This is also described in more detail later. In 2004, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong introduced the idea of Teach Less, Learn More as the next step under the Thinking Schools, Learning Nation umbrella. Its aim was to open up more white space in the curriculum to move students more deeply in learning. Despite the systems widely-recognised successes, learners were still seen as too passive, overloaded with content, driven to perform, but not necessarily inspired.Teach Less, Learn More aims to touch the hearts and engage the minds of learners by promoting a different learning paradigm inwhich there is less dependence on rote learning, repetitive tests and instruction, and more on engaged learning, di scovery through experiences, differentiated teaching, learning of lifelong skills, and the building of character through innovative and effective teaching approaches and strategies. (Ho Peng, interview conducted for this report) Further moves in this anxiety were made in 2008 with an envisioning exercise that led to Curriculum 2015. According to Ho Peng, Director familiar of Education in the Singapore ministry of Education, this review assertedthat the Singapore education system had strong holding power and important strengths in literacy, mathematics and science, and that these should remain. However, it needed to do better on the soft skills that enable future learning. In addition, the overload of information has put a premium on the ability to do critical analysis. Working across cultures will require language skills and a larger world view (Ng, 2008). A review of primary schools in 2009 focused on the question of how each childs learning can be driven by their innate curios ity and love of play.Art, music and physical education (PE) are also being enhanced in the curriculum. Finally, Curriculum 2015 re-emphasises that education must be rooted in values Without a moral and ethical compass, all learning will come to nought. We must rebalance content, skills and character development to achieve a more holistic education, (Ng, 2008). Current structure In Singapores education system today, students receive six years of primary education, and four to ? ve years of secondary education, followed by two years at lowly college, polytechnic or the Institute for Technical Education.(Figure 7. 1). 4 Primary education consists of a four-year foundation stage during which all students follow a common curriculum that emphasises English, mother- vernacular language and mathematics. Science is introduced from primary 3. Other subjects taught in primary school are civics and moral education, social studies, health, physical education, art and music. 7 SINGAPORE RAPID IM PROVEMENT FOLLOWED BY STRONG PERFORMANCE 164 OECD 2010 STRONG PERFORMERS AND SUCCESSFUL REFORMERS IN EDUCATION LESSONS FROM PISA FOR THE UNITED STATES Source Singapore Ministry of Education website www. moe.gov. sg/education/. Figure 7. 1 Singapores education system organisation Specialised Schools For students who can bene? t from a more customised and practice-based curriculum Privately- funded Schools determine their own curriculum and provide more options for Singapore students (4-6 years) Universties (3 4years for undergraduates) Workplace GCE A aim/Other Quali? cation Polytechnics (3 years) (Diploma) Alternative Quali? cations coordinated Programme combines Secondary and JC education without an intermediate national examination (4-6 years) Junior Colleges/ Centralised Institute.(2-3 years) (GCE A Level) Intitutes of Technical Education (1-2 years) (Nitec/Higher Nitec) Special Education Schools provide both Mainstream curriculum whith programmes catering to students spec ial needs OR Customised special education curriculum (4-6 years) Direct approach to JCs/Polytechnics JCs and polythechnics have autonomy in admitting some students GCE O Level Sec N (A) GCE N Level Secondary Express course (4 years) Government/Government-aided Schools Mainstream schools Autonomous Schools whith enhanced niches programmes Independent Schools whith greater autonomy inprogrammes and operations Specialised Independent Schools For students with talents in speci?C areas Privately-funded Schools Priovide more options for Singapore students Special Education For students with special needs Direct Admission to Secondary Schools Independent Schools, Autonomous Schools, mainstream schools whith niches of excellence, and schools offering the Integrated Programme have autonomy in admission of some of their students Specialised Independent Schools and Privately- funded Schools have full autonomy in students admission Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE).Primary Schools ( 6 years) All students follow a broad-based mainstream curriculum. close to schools offer niche programmes such as in aesthetics, sports and gifted education Specialised Independent Schools with specialise programmes to develop students talents in speci? cs areas (4-6 years) Secondary Normal (Academic) Course N(A) (5 years) Secondary Normal (Technical) Course N(T) (4 years) vocational Course (1- 4 years) 7 SINGAPORE RAPID IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWED BY STRONG PERFORMANCE STRONG PERFORMERS AND SUCCESSFUL REFORMERS IN EDUCATION LESSONS FROM PISA FOR THE UNITED STATES OECD 2010 165.Streaming, which was a key feature of the Singapore education system, was designed to allow students to progress at their own pace from primary 5 onwards. However, in 2008, streaming was replaced with subject-based banding. At the end of primary 6, all students sit for the Primary School Leaving Examination in English, mathematics, mother- tongue language and science. Based on the results of this examination, stu dents are admitted to an express (60% of students), normal academic (25%) or normal technical (15%) course in secondary school.Students in the express course follow a four-year programme culminating in the general certi?cate of education (GCE) O-level exam. Students in the normal academic course follow a four-year course to GCE N-level and whitethorn sit for O-levels in year ? ve (Figure 7. 2). The normal technical programme prepares students for technical higher education, jobs or the postsecondary ITE after a four-year programme leading to the GCE-N level. In recent years, more choice has been offered to students in secondary school, with a wider range of subjects at O-level and elective modules.Students who are clearly of university calibre may study in Integrated Programme Schools where they canskip O-levels this arrangement allows them to engage in broader learning experiences that develop their leadership potential and capacity for creative thinking. There is now more horizont al mobility between courses, and students who do well are allowed to transfer between streams. The ratio among streams is further enhanced with students being able to follow subjects from a different stream. Schools specialising in sports, art and mathematics and science are also available, as well as a small number of independent schools.After 10 years of general education, students go to post-secondary education, either junior colleges (31% ofstudents), polytechnics (43%) or ITE (22%). Academically inclined students can take A-levels during this period and then proceed to university. Students may also take diploma courses in technical or business subjects at polytechnics. Many polytechnic graduates who have done well also go on to university. Students with GCE O- or N-levels can take skill-based certi? cates in technical or vocational subjects at ITE. Outstanding ITE graduates can also go on to polytechnics or universities. most 25% of a cohort goes on to university in Singapore (the number of places will rise to 30% in 2015).Many students also go abroad to university. SINGAPORES SUCCESS IN EDUCATION Singapore has pursued its vision of a high-quality education system over a long period of time and has accomplished signi? cant improvements at each stage of its journey. What are some of the key features that have helped Singapore become so successful? A forward-looking, integrated planning system In modern Singapore, education has consistently been the building block for economic and national development. As Prime Minister Goh Chok turnaround famously stated The wealth of a nation lies in its people. Since the founding of the republic, the high value placed on education as the key to economic development and national cohesion in a country with no natural resources is evident in the statements of Singapores senior leaders. But the statements about nurturing every child are not just political rhetoric. They have been accompanied by willingness at each stage to invest considerable ? nancial resources in education. Education spending rose to 3. 6% of GDP in 2010, approximately 20% of total government expenditure and second only to defence (Annex 7. A).The linkage to economic development is tight and is driven from the top of the government. As Singapore evolved from an economy based on port and warehousing activities, through a low-wage, labour-intensive manufacturing economy, and then to a more capital and skill-intensive industry and ? nally to its current focus on knowledge- intensive industrial clusters, the education system was expected to ramp up the quality of its education and the supply of speci? c skills needed to make Singapore globally competitive. Singapore has a uniquely integrated system of planning.The Manpower ministry works with various economic agencies (such as the Economic Development Board) responsible for promoting speci? c industry groups to identify critical manpower needs and project demands for future skills.The se are then fed back both into pre-employment training and continuing education and training. In other countries, labour and education markets make these adjustments slowly over time, but the Singapore government believes that its manpower planning approach helps students to move faster into growing sectors, reduces oversupply in areas of declining demand more quickly, andtargets public funds more ef? ciently for post-secondary education.The ministry of Education and the institutions of higher and post-secondary education then use these skill projections to inform their own education planning, specially for universities, polytechnics and technical institutes. 7 SINGAPORE RAPID IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWED BY STRONG PERFORMANCE 166 OECD 2010 STRONG PERFORMERS AND SUCCESSFUL REFORMERS IN EDUCATION LESSONS FROM PISA FOR THE UNITED STATES In short, the ability of the government to successfully manage supply and demand of education and skills is a majorsource of Singapores competitive advantag e.As Singapore seeks to become a global scienti? c hub, it is bringing together all aspects of the government the ? nance ministry, economic development board, manpower ministry, education ministry, urban and environmental planning bodies, housing and immigration authorities to create the next platform for Singapores growth. Singapore demonstrates strong alignment among policies and practices. One of the most striking things on visiting Singapore is that wherever one visits whether the ministries of manpower, national development, communitydevelopment, or education or the universities, technical institutes, or schools he or she hears the same clear focus on the same bold outcomes painstaking attention to implementation and evaluation, and orientation towards the future.Milestone courses bring together top of? cials from all the ministries to create a shared understanding of national goals. And a focus on effective implementation is shared throughout government. Because of the v alue placed on human resource development and the understanding of its critical relationship to economic development, Singapores government provides a very clear vision of what is needed in education.This government agency that the ministry of Education can then design the policies and implement the practices that will meet this vision. Close links between policy implementers, researchers and educators At the institutional level, both policy coherence and implementation consistency are brought about by the very close tripartite relationship between the ministry of Education, the National Institute of Education (NIE, the countrys only educator training institution), and the schools. The ministry is responsible for policy development, while NIE conducts research and provides pre-servic.